Studies of Populations Exposed to Occupational Sources of Radiation

暴露于职业辐射源人群的研究

• 批准号: 10702915
• 负责人: Cari Kitahara
• 金额: $ 209.95万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10702915
• 关键词: Accidents; Age; Aircraft; Alcohols; Basal cell carcinoma; Binding Sites; Biological Markers; Body of uterus; Brain; Breast; Breast Cancer Risk Factor; Bronchi; Case/Control Studies; Categories; Central Nervous System; Cessation of life; Chernobyl Nuclear Accident; Chromosome abnormality; Chronic; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Circadian Rhythms; Cohort Studies; Colon; Contracts; Cosmic Radiation; Data; Development; Diagnostic Procedure; Diet; Discipline of Nuclear Medicine; Disease; Disease Outcome; Dose; Dose-Rate; Employment; Endocrinology; Excess Mortality; Exposure to; External Beam Radiation Therapy; Faculty; Feedback; Female; Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization; Flying body movement; Focus Groups; Frequencies; General Population; Hematological Disease; Incidence; Individual; Interview; Ionizing radiation; Joints; Length; Literature; Lung; Malignant Bone Neoplasm; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of esophagus; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Malignant neoplasm of pharynx; Malignant neoplasm of thyroid; Maternal Exposure; Medical; Medicine; Methods; National Cancer Institute; Nervous System; New York; Nuclear; Occupational; Occupational Groups; Occupations; Organ; Paper; Patients; Pattern; Pleura; Plutonium; Population; Population Study; Procedures; Publishing; Radiation; Radiation Dose Unit; Radiation exposure; Radiation-Induced Cancer; Radiation-Induced Leukemia; Radiology Specialty; Recording of previous events; Rectum; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Scientist; Seasons; Site; Skin; Skin Carcinoma; Solid; Source; Suicide; Survivors; Testing; Time; Trachea; Travel; Ukraine; United States; Universities; Update; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Woman; Work; Workplace; atomic bomb; base; biodosimetry; cancer risk; case control; cohort; comparison group; design; dosimetry; experience; follow-up; improved; in utero; leukemia; malignant breast neoplasm; malignant mouth neoplasm; melanoma; mortality; mortality risk; pilot test; radiation carcinogenesis; radiation effect; reconstruction; response; telomere; trend; work-study

Markers of Cosmic Radiation Exposure Among Flight Crew A biodosimetry study study was conducted to determine if there were differences in the frequency of chromosome aberrations by assess cosmic radiation exposure and frequency of chromosome aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization among 83 pilots (given their increased levels of cosmic radiation exposure) and 51 university faculty with minimal flying experience. The mean frequency of translocations did not differ between the airline pilots and a comparison group of university faculty, however there was a significant increasing trend among the pilots for number of years flying commercial aircraft and translocation frequency. In addition, radiation exposure from personal diagnostic procedures among the pilots was positively associated with translocation frequencies after adjustment for age and number of years flying. Some diet and vitamin supplements were also associated with translocation frequency. Cancer and Other Mortality Risks in a Cohort of U.S. Radiologic Technologists In 1982, the REB, initiated a nationwide cohort study of all cancer incidence and mortality among 146,022 U. S. radiologic technologists who were certified during 1926-1980. The cohort with 73% females. From work history data (collected 1983-89, 1994-98, 2003-2005, and beginning in 2012) along with tracing and matching with death information, we found significantly elevated incidence risks for breast cancer, leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia, basal cell carcinoma of the skin, melanoma and circulatory diseases among technologists first working before 1950, and a suggested increase in thyroid cancer in those first working before 1960. The , and very high response rates and development of the first comprehensive historical occupational dose reconstruction offers a rare opportunity to study effects of occupational protracted low- to moderate-dose radiation exposure on breast and thyroid cancer, the two most sensitive organ sites for radiation carcinogenesis in women. All other cancer and non-cancer serious disease outcomes are also being evaluated in relation to protracted low-to-moderate dose exposures. Cancer Mortality in Russian Nuclear Workers A cohort of 26,000 Mayak nuclear facility workers is being studied because they comprise a unique occupational group for protracted exposure to external radiation at high doses and for exposure to plutonium. Improved dosimetry and updated mortality data confirm earlier findings of external dose-response relationships for leukemia and for all solid cancers. Mortality analyses have clearly demonstrated that risks for lung cancer, liver cancer and bone cancer increase with increasing dose from plutonium. Dose-response analyses of cancer mortality in relation to in utero radiation exposure from maternal employment at the Mayak facility provide no evidence of an effect. Chernobyl Leukemia Study This is a joint US-Ukrainian case-control study of leukemia and other hematological diseases in a cohort of clean-up workers in Ukraine following the Chornobyl accident, carried out from 1986 to 2006 - one of the largest analytical studies performed in Chornobyl liquidators, taking into account the whole period of observation since the accident, cohort size (approximately 110,000) and collective dose. A total of137 cases of leukemia have been ascertained in the cohort. With a case-control ratio of 1:5, this number of cases provides adequate power to test the hypothesis of an association between radiation and leukemia risk. The study should also have adequate power to test the hypothesis that the risk is different from that seen in the atomic bomb survivors study if the previously pattern of CLL increases observed in the Chornobyl liquidators from Ukraine is confirmed. The study is conducted by scientists of the Ukrainian Research Center for Radiation Medicine (RCRM), scientists from the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) and scientists and consultants from Columbia University, New York (through a contract with NCI). The field work for the study has been completed. A paper has been published, reporting a significant increase risk of both chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other types of leukemia. Dosimetry for Nuclear Medicine Patients Despite the growing use of nuclear medicine procedures in the United States, very little is known regarding patterns of exposure in medical radiation workers. 20% of radiologic technologists in the U.S. radiologic technologist (USRT) study have reported working as nuclear medicine technologists at some time in their job history. In November 2010, REB held a focus-group discussion in which 8 to 10 experts provided input on historical practices. Based on these findings, as well as the literature, we have developed a detailed interview work module for radiologic technologists working with nuclear medicine procedures. We plan to refine this module based on feedback from additional feedback from focus group attendees and other experts, and to perform extensive pilot testing of the new nuclear medicine module. Studies of UV and cancer at various sites in the USRT cohort This project is designed to facilitate study of the role of UV/ vitamin D in relation to several cancers. We recently completed an analysis in a USRT subpopulation of the UV and other determinants of circulating 25(OH)D, which is in press in AJE. An additional analysis of how well 25(OH)D tracks in individuals across seasons will soon be submitted to J Clin Endocrinology. Other analysis planned involve the relationship between 25(OH)D and telomere length. We also plan to examine the relationship between specific UV wavelengths and various skin and other cancers. Leukemia and Other Cancer Incidence in Baltic Clean-up Workers Workers received an average radiation dose of approximately 10 cGy. No clear evidence of increased risk was seen for leukemia, thyroid cancer or radiation-related cancer sites combined relative to incidence in the general population. An elevated risk was found for cancers of the pharynx, esophagus, central nervous system and a broad category of alcohol-related sites. Excess mortality was observed for cancer of the mouth and pharynx, alcohol-related sites taken together,and suicide. Twenty-five years of follow-up suggest that non-radiation determinants of cancer incidence and mortality predominate over direct effects of radiation in this cohort. Incidence of Cancers in Female Flight Attendants Flight attendants may be at increased risk of breast and other cancers due to work-place exposures including cosmic radiation and circadian rhythm disruption from traveling across multiple time zones. We are investigating the risk of breast and other cancers in 9,631 female flight attendants and whether the risk is cosmic radiation dose-related.

Markers of Cosmic Radiation Exposure Among Flight Crew A biodosimetry study study was conducted to determine if there were differences in the frequency of chromosome aberrations by assess cosmic radiation exposure and frequency of chromosome aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization among 83 pilots (given their increased levels of cosmic radiation exposure) and 51 university faculty with minimal flying experience.航空公司飞行员和大学教职员工的比较组之间的平均易位频率没有差异，但是飞行员在飞行商用飞机和易位频率的年中，飞行员的趋势趋势显着增加。此外，飞行员个人诊断程序的辐射暴露与调整年龄和飞行年数之后的易位频率呈正相关。一些饮食和维生素补充剂也与易位频率有关。 REB在1982年美国放射技术专家队列中的癌症和其他死亡率风险开始了一项全国范围的同类研究，对1926 - 1980年期间经过认证的146,022美国放射科学技术人员对所有癌症发病率和死亡率进行了一项研究。女性73％的队列。 从工作历史数据（1983-89，1994-98，2003-2005收集到2012年开始），以及与死亡信息的追踪和匹配，我们发现，乳腺癌的发病风险显着升高，除慢性淋巴细胞性白血病以外的白血病风险升高，而在皮肤，黑色素瘤和循环中的基础细胞癌和循环中的基础细胞瘤均增加了1950年的研究。那些在1960年之前首次工作的人。第一个全面的历史职业剂量重建的反应率和非常高的反应率和发展为研究乳腺癌和甲状腺癌的低到中等剂量辐射暴露的职业型较大的型号的影响提供了难得的机会，这是乳腺癌和甲状腺癌的两个最敏感的器官，这是女性辐射癌作用的两个最敏感的器官。所有其他癌症和非癌症的严重疾病结果也正在与长期低至中度剂量暴露有关的评估。 俄罗斯核工人的癌症死亡率正在研究26,000名Mayak核设施工人，因为它们组成了一个独特的职业群体，用于长时间暴露于高剂量的外部辐射和prout暴露。改进的剂量法和更新的死亡率数据证实了白血病和所有固体癌症的外部剂量反应关系的早期发现。死亡率分析清楚地表明，肺癌，肝癌和骨癌的风险随p剂量增加而增加。癌症死亡率的剂量反应分析与在Mayak设施的母体就业暴露有关的子宫辐射暴露有关。 切尔诺贝利白血病研究这是一项联合美国 - 乌克兰联合病例对照研究，对白血病和其他血液学疾病进行了研究，在1986年至2006年进行的Chornobyl事故后，在乌克兰的一批清洁工人中，乌克兰的一批清洁工人进行了研究，该研究是在Chornobyl Lilesators中进行的，这是偶然的次数，这是偶然的次数，这是偶然的次数，这是偶然的次数，该研究的次数是偶然的。剂量。该队列中总共确定了137例白血病。案例对照比为1：5，这一数量的案例提供了足够的能力来检验放射线和白血病风险之间关联的假设。该研究还应该具有足够的能力来检验以下假设，即如果证实了乌克兰的Chornobyl清算人中观察到的先前CLL模式增加，那么在原子弹幸存者研究中的风险也有所不同。这项研究是由乌克兰放射医学研究中心（RCRM）的科学家，美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）的科学家以及纽约哥伦比亚大学的科学家和顾问（通过与NCI的合同）进行的。该研究的现场工作已经完成。已经发表了一篇论文，报告说，慢性淋巴细胞性白血病和其他类型的白血病的风险显着增加。 核医学患者的剂量法尽管在美国使用核医学程序的使用日益增加，但关于医疗辐射工人暴露模式，鲜为人知。美国放射技术专家（USRT）研究中有20％的放射技术专家报告说，在工作史上某个时候担任核医学技术人员。 2010年11月，REB进行了焦点组讨论，其中8至10位专家提供了有关历史实践的意见。根据这些发现以及文献，我们为使用核医学程序的放射技术专家开发了一个详细的访谈工作模块。我们计划根据焦点小组参与者和其他专家的其他反馈反馈来完善该模块，并对新核医学模块进行广泛的试点测试。 USRT队列中各个地点的紫外线和癌症的研究旨在促进研究紫外线/维生素D在几种癌症中的作用。 最近，我们完成了对紫外线和其他循环25（OH）D的决定因素的分析，该分析在AJE中是在ASS中。对整个季节个人中25（OH）d轨道的进一步分析将很快提交给J Clin内分泌学。计划的其他分析涉及25（OH）D与端粒长度之间的关系。我们还计划检查特定的紫外线波长与各种皮肤和其他癌症之间的关系。 波罗的海清洁工人中的白血病和其他癌症发病率的平均辐射剂量约为10 cgy。 没有明显的证据表明白血病，甲状腺癌或与普通人群发生率相对于发病率的相关癌症部位的风险增加。 发现咽，食管，中枢神经系统和广泛与酒精相关的部位的癌症的风险更高。观察到口腔和咽，与酒精相关的部位的癌症和自杀的死亡率过多。 25年的随访表明，癌症发生率和死亡率的非辐射决定因素占该队列中辐射的直接影响。由于工作场所的暴露，包括宇宙辐射和昼夜节律跨越多个时区的破坏，女性乘务员的癌症的发生率可能会增加乳房和其他癌症的风险。 我们正在调查9,631名女性空姐中乳腺癌和其他癌症的风险，以及该风险是否与宇宙辐射剂量有关。