The molecular and cellular basis of short-range host cue sensing in mosquito vectors

蚊子媒介短程宿主线索感知的分子和细胞基础

• 批准号: 10683995
• 负责人: Paul Garrity
• 金额: $ 66.35万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-21 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10683995
• 关键词: Address; Aedes; Affect; Afferent Neurons; Air; Anopheles gambiae; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Bite; Blood; Body Temperature; Chemicals; Chromosomes; Collaborations; Color; Cues; Culicidae; Data; Defect; Dengue; Detection; Disease Vectors; Distant; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Dryness; Esthesia; Family; Genes; Glutamate Receptor; Goals; High temperature of physical object; Human; Humidity; Hydration status; Ingestion; Insecta; Invertebrates; Ion Channel; Joints; Knock-in; Knock-out; Knowledge; Malaria; Masks; Mediating; Molecular; Molecular Probes; Molecular Target; Neurons; Orthologous Gene; Persons; Physiological; Publications; Reporter; Reproduction; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Sensory; Specificity; System; TRP channel; TRPA channel; Temperature; Testing; Work; base; behavioral response; cellular targeting; comparative; disease transmission; feeding; fly; insight; mutant; receptor; response; sensor; sensory stimulus; stimulus sensitivity; success; vector; vector control; vector mosquito

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Mosquito disease transmission relies on the insect’s ability to feed on human hosts, a behavior driven by host- associated sensory cues. Temperature and humidity are key short-range cues that promote the final stages of host approach and biting, but little is known about the molecular and cellular basis of mosquito responses to these cues, or whether these mechanisms are conserved among evolutionarily distant mosquitoes. We propose to address these knowledge gaps by: 1) Probing the molecular basis and evolutionary conservation of heat-seeking between the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (An. gambiae) and the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). 2) Investigating the (as yet unknown) molecular and cellular basis of mosquito humidity sensation in An. gambiae. We propose to achieve these goals in three aims: Aim 1) Probe the evolutionary conservation of heat seeking mechanisms. Mosquito blood-feeding is thought to have a common evolutionary origin, but whether the mechanisms that control heat-seeking are conserved across mosquitoes is an open question. We will test this conservation by comparing the roles of key receptors implicated in heat-seeking in multiple mosquito species in order to reveal whether and in what ways heat-seeking mechanisms are shared across vector mosquitoes. Aim 2) Determine the sensory specificities of candidate humidity receptor-expressing neurons in An. gambiae. Despite its importance for host seeking, mosquito humidity sensing is largely unexplored. We will test the hypothesis that mosquito humidity sensors rely on relatives of receptors important for sensing humidity in Drosophila. We will examine the stimulus sensitivities of the sensory neurons expressing these receptors and test the role(s) of these receptors in detecting sensory stimuli. Aim 3) Establish the behavioral roles of candidate hygroin An. gambiae. We will test how our candidate receptors for humidity and temperature contribute to the mosquito’s behavioral responses to humidity and temperature, as well as host seeking and blood feeding. We will also compare how host-seeking roles relate to homeostatic roles in helping modulate body temperature and hydration state. This work will identify molecular receptors and sensory neurons that detect temperature and humidity in vector mosquitoes and establish their roles in mosquito host seeking and blood feeding. As these behaviors supports disease transmission, these basic science findings have potential relevance for vector control efforts.

项目概要/摘要 蚊子疾病的传播依赖于昆虫以人类宿主为食的能力，这是由宿主驱动的行为 相关的感官线索是促进最后阶段的关键短程线索。 宿主接近和叮咬，但对于蚊子对宿主的反应的分子和细胞基础知之甚少。 这些线索，或者这些机制在进化上遥远的蚊子中是否保守。 我们建议通过以下方式解决这些知识差距：1）探索分子基础和进化守恒 疟疾媒介冈比亚按蚊 (An. gambiae) 和登革热媒介伊蚊之间的寻热效应 埃及伊蚊 (Ae. aegypti) 2) 研究蚊子湿度的（尚不清楚）分子和细胞基础。 我们建议通过三个目标来实现这些目标： 目的 1) 探讨蚊子吸血机制的进化保守性。 被认为具有共同的进化起源，但控制寻热的机制是否是 蚊子之间的保守性是一个悬而未决的问题，我们将通过比较关键的作用来测试这种保守性。 涉及多种蚊子寻热的受体，以揭示是否以及以何种方式 媒介蚊子共享寻热机制。 目标 2) 确定候选湿度受体表达神经元的感觉特异性 尽管蚊子的湿度感应对于寻找宿主很重要，但它在很大程度上尚未被探索。 我们将测试这样一个假设：蚊子湿度传感器依赖于对传感很重要的受体的亲属 我们将检查表达这些的感觉神经元的刺激敏感性。 受体并测试这些受体在检测感觉刺激中的作用。 目标 3）建立候选 hygroin An 的行为角色。 湿度和温度的候选受体有助于蚊子的行为反应 湿度和温度，以及宿主寻找和血液喂养我们还将比较如何寻找宿主。 作用与帮助调节体温和水合状态的稳态作用有关。 这项工作将识别检测温度和湿度的分子受体和感觉神经元 媒介蚊子并确定它们在蚊子寻找宿主和吸血行为中的作用。 虽然支持疾病传播，但这些基础科学发现对病媒控制工作具有潜在的相关性。