Behavioral and neural measures of oral carbohydrate and sweetener reward signals

口服碳水化合物和甜味剂奖励信号的行为和神经测量

基本信息

批准号：
10654852
负责人：
Paul A. S Breslin
金额：
$ 19.53万
依托单位：
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10654852
关键词：
American Area Behavioral Binding Blood Glucose Brain Brush Border Calories Carbohydrates Cells Consumption Data Detection Diabetes Mellitus Disaccharidases Disaccharides Energy Intake Enhancers Enzyme Inhibitor Drugs Enzymes Fructose Glucokinase Glucose Glucose Transporter Human Ingestion Insulin Intake Islet Cell Mammals Measures Membrane Metabolic Metabolic Control Metabolic Pathway Metabolic syndrome Metabolism Monosaccharides Motivation Mus OGTT Obesity Oral Oral cavity Organ Pancreas Pathway interactions Pattern Perception Plasma Play Potassium Channel Psychophysics Rattus Research Rewards Rodent Role Running Signal Pathway Signal Transduction Stimulus Sucrose Sweetening Agents Taste Buds Taste Perception Testing Therapeutic Visceral brain reward regions conditioned place preference glucose tolerance improved inhibitor insulin secretion interest motivated behavior neural neurophysiology pharmacologic preference prevent response sugar sweet taste perception taste stimuli

项目摘要

Abstract The metabolic signaling pathway in T1r3+ mouse taste cells are similar to that found in pancreatic beta islet cells that sense calories from glucose. This signaling pathway is comprised of glucose transporters (GLUTs & SGLTs), glucokinase, and the ATP-gated potassium channel (KATP). Human taste cells have a similar pathway. The oral disaccharidase enzymes, first found in the brush border of the gut, that sever glycosidic bonds are expressed orally in rodents; but, beyond our unpublished preliminary data, this has not been shown in humans. We hypothesize that oral disaccharidases are necessary to free glucose and other monosaccharides to activate the metabolic signaling pathway. We also hypothesize that these enzymes in humans enable the metabolic responses of taste cells to contribute to transduction and perception of disaccharide taste. We propose that this results in stronger preferences for disaccharides over non-caloric sweeteners. We hypothesize further that the release of glucose from disaccharide cleaving, its transport into taste cells, and its metabolism to generate ATP leads to taste signaling. This signal may also contribute to anticipatory metabolic responses in humans during carbohydrate tolerance tests. In Aim 1 we will determine whether oral metabolic signaling contributes to disaccharide perception, metabolic tolerance, liking and preference in humans. In Aim 2 we will determine whether oral metabolic signals influence licking and motivated behaviors in rats and where in the brain these signals are registered. If sugar reward signaling can be manipulated by modulating oral disaccharidase activity, then there should be therapeutic utility to developing a strategy to maximize reward while reducing sugar intake. Improving our understanding of the role oral glucose metabolic signaling plays in human taste should help prevent and reduce obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome that afflict approximately one-third of all Americans.

抽象的 T1R3+小鼠味道细胞中的代谢信号通路与胰腺β小胰岛细胞中的味道相似这种感觉到葡萄糖的卡路里。该信号通路由葡萄糖转运蛋白（Gluts＆Sglts）组成，葡萄糖激酶和ATP门控钾通道（KATP）。人味细胞的途径相似。口头首次在肠道边界中发现的二糖酶酶，表达了切断的糖苷键口服啮齿动物；但是，除了我们未发表的初步数据之外，这在人类中尚未显示。我们假设口服二糖酶是游离葡萄糖和其他单糖的必要代谢信号通路。我们还假设人类中的这些酶可以代谢味觉细胞对二糖味的转导和感知的反应。我们提出这一点导致对非热甜味剂二糖的偏好更强。我们进一步假设从二糖分裂，转运到味道细胞中的葡萄糖释放，以及其代谢产生ATP 导致口味传递。该信号还可能导致人类预期的代谢反应碳水化合物耐受性测试。在AIM 1中，我们将确定口服代谢信号是否有助于人类的二糖感知，代谢耐受性，喜欢和偏爱。在AIM 2中，我们将确定口服代谢信号是否影响大鼠的舔和动机行为以及在大脑中的位置信号已注册。如果可以通过调节口服二糖酶活性来操纵糖奖励信号，则然后，应该有治疗效用，以制定一种在减少糖分的同时最大程度地提高奖励的策略。提高我们对口腔葡萄糖代谢信号在人类口味中发挥作用的理解应有助于预防和减少肥胖，糖尿病和代谢综合症，大约三分之一美国人。