Strengthening Causal Inference in Behavioral Obesity Research

加强行为肥胖研究中的因果推断

基本信息

批准号：
10653986
负责人：
DAVID B ALLISON
金额：
$ 20.82万
依托单位：
TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-15 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10653986
关键词：
Address Adult Affect Alabama Behavior Behavior Therapy Behavioral Behavioral Sciences Biomedical Research Body Composition Clinical Clinical Trials Cluster randomized trial Collaborations Communities Complex Cookbook Deception Dietary Practices Disadvantaged Discipline Economics Educational process of instructing Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Etiology Experimental Designs Exposure to Faculty Feedback Foundations Genetic Health Indiana Individual Instruction Internet Intervention Lead Learning Location Mathematics Measures Medicine Meta-Analysis Methodology Methods Modeling Natural experiment Nutritional Study Obesity Outcome Pathway interactions Philosophy Physiological Policies Population Population Distributions Positioning Attribute Prevalence Prevention Prize Psychology Public Health Quasi-experiment Randomized Randomized, Controlled Trials Recommendation Reporting Research Research Design Research Misconduct Research Personnel Research Technics Resources Science Scientist Strategic Planning Techniques Testing Training United States National Institutes of Health Universities Variant behavioral and social science behavioral study case control design energy balance experience experimental study genetic approach improved interdisciplinary approach novel novel strategies personalized approach prospective psychologic randomized, controlled study social sound statistics unethical

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Identifying causal relations is fundamental to a science of intervention and prevention. Obesity is a major problem for which much progress in understanding, treatment, and prevention remains to be made. Behavior is a vital contributor to variations in energy balance and body composition, the final common pathways of obesity. Social, environmental and physiological factors are also key influences on behaviors which affect energy balance. Evidence for causation of these hypothesized factors exists on a continuum from weakest to strongest. Yet, most obesity research does not consider the evidence continuum between ordinary association tests (OATs) (observational, non-intervention studies among unrelated individuals), which do not offer strong evidence of causal effects, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which do offer strong evidence, but cannot be done in all circumstances. In contrast, there are techniques that lie intermediary between OATs and RCTs, including but not limited to quasi-experimental studies and natural experiments. Such designs are increasingly used, especially in the disciplines of economics and genetics, but are used by obesity researchers less often than seems warranted. Our ability to draw causal inferences in obesity research could be strengthened by using such approaches. In-depth understanding and appropriate use of the full continuum of these methods requires input from disciplines including statistics, economics, psychology, epidemiology, mathematics, philosophy, and behavioral or statistical genetics. Applying these techniques, however, does not involve routine ‘cookbook’ approaches but requires understanding of underlying principles, so the investigator can tailor approaches to specific and varying situations. Yet, other than our annual 5-day short course, no resource provides such training, particularly for behavioral and social science researchers. Our short course on methods for causal inference in obesity research, which features some of the world’s finest scientists, has been consistently evaluated by attendees as essential for their research and teaching. The course provides rigorous exposure to the key fundamental principles underlying a broad array of techniques and experience in application through guided discussion using real examples. The course is dynamic in that we refine and modify its content and delivery methods based on feedback from stakeholders. In this renewal application, we propose to continue to offer this course, alternating its location between Indiana University and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Given the prevalence of obesity and its related health problems, training behavioral and social science researchers to better assess causal effects is more important than ever.

项目摘要/摘要确定因果关系是干预和预防科学的基础。肥胖是一个主要问题为此，在理解，治疗和预防方面取得了很大进展。行为是至关重要的能量平衡和身体成分变化的贡献者，肥胖的最终常见途径。社会的，环境和物理因素也是对影响能量平衡的行为的关键影响。这些假设因素的原因的证据存在于从最弱到强的连续性语言上。但是，大多数肥胖研究不考虑普通关联测试（燕麦）之间的证据连续体（在无关的个体中观察性，不干预研究），这不提供有力的证据因果效应和随机对照试验（RCT），确实提供了有力的证据，但不能在所有情况。相比之下，燕麦和RCT之间存在中介的技术，包括不限于准实验研究和自然实验。这样的设计越来越多地使用特别是在经济学和遗传学学科中，但肥胖研究人员使用的频率少于似乎有必要。我们可以通过使用这种方法来增强我们在肥胖研究中提出因果推断的能力方法。深入理解和适当使用这些方法需要输入从统计，经济学，心理学，流行病学，数学，哲学和包括统计学，经济学，心理学，哲学和行为或统计遗传学。但是，应用这些技术并不涉及常规的“食谱” 方法但需要了解基本原则，因此研究者可以定制方法具体和不同的情况。但是，除了我们的每年5天的短期课程外，没有资源提供这样的培训，特别是对于行为和社会科学研究人员。我们关于因果推断方法的简短课程肥胖研究具有世界上一些最好的科学家，一直由与会者对他们的研究和教学至关重要。该课程可严格接触钥匙通过指导讨论使用真实示例。该课程是动态的，因为我们完善并修改其内容和交付基于利益相关者的反馈的方法。在此续签应用程序中，我们建议继续提供此信息当然，改变了印第安纳大学和伯明翰阿拉巴马大学之间的位置。给出肥胖症及其相关健康问题的患病率，培训行为和社会科学研究人员更好的评估因果影响比以往任何时候都更为重要。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（43）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Incorrectly Labeled Randomized Study and Inappropriate Within-Group Comparisons in: "Effectiveness of Home Gardening in Improving Food Security and Health in Chacraseca, Nicaragua: A Pilot Study".

错误标记的随机研究和不适当的组内比较：“家庭园艺在改善尼加拉瓜查克拉塞卡粮食安全和健康方面的有效性：一项试点研究”。

DOI：
10.1353/hpu.2023.0035
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Journal of health care for the poor and underserved
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Tooze,XanderA;Vorland,ColbyJ;Siddique,AbuBakkar;Allison,DavidB
通讯作者：
Allison,DavidB

Exceptional Reported Effects and Data Anomalies Merit Explanation from "A randomized controlled trial of coordination exercise on cognitive function in obese adolescents" by.

报告的特殊效果和数据异常值得解释“肥胖青少年认知功能协调运动的随机对照试验”。

DOI：
10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101604
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Psychology of sport and exercise
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Ejima,Keisuke;Dickinson,StephanieL;Brown,AndrewW;Yanovski,JackA;Kaiser,KathrynA;Hall,KevinD;Heymsfield,StevenB;Allison,DavidB
通讯作者：
Allison,DavidB

Overstated Claims of Efficacy and Safety. Comment On: "Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect Against Viral Infections". Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181.