Strengthening Causal Inference in Behavioral Obesity Research

加强行为肥胖研究中的因果推断

基本信息

批准号：
10653986
负责人：
DAVID B ALLISON
金额：
$ 20.82万
依托单位：
TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-15 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10653986
关键词：
Address Adult Affect Alabama Behavior Behavior Therapy Behavioral Behavioral Sciences Biomedical Research Body Composition Clinical Clinical Trials Cluster randomized trial Collaborations Communities Complex Cookbook Deception Dietary Practices Disadvantaged Discipline Economics Educational process of instructing Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Etiology Experimental Designs Exposure to Faculty Feedback Foundations Genetic Health Indiana Individual Instruction Internet Intervention Lead Learning Location Mathematics Measures Medicine Meta-Analysis Methodology Methods Modeling Natural experiment Nutritional Study Obesity Outcome Pathway interactions Philosophy Physiological Policies Population Population Distributions Positioning Attribute Prevalence Prevention Prize Psychology Public Health Quasi-experiment Randomized Randomized, Controlled Trials Recommendation Reporting Research Research Design Research Misconduct Research Personnel Research Technics Resources Science Scientist Strategic Planning Techniques Testing Training United States National Institutes of Health Universities Variant behavioral and social science behavioral study case control design energy balance experience experimental study genetic approach improved interdisciplinary approach novel novel strategies personalized approach prospective psychologic randomized, controlled study social sound statistics unethical

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Identifying causal relations is fundamental to a science of intervention and prevention. Obesity is a major problem for which much progress in understanding, treatment, and prevention remains to be made. Behavior is a vital contributor to variations in energy balance and body composition, the final common pathways of obesity. Social, environmental and physiological factors are also key influences on behaviors which affect energy balance. Evidence for causation of these hypothesized factors exists on a continuum from weakest to strongest. Yet, most obesity research does not consider the evidence continuum between ordinary association tests (OATs) (observational, non-intervention studies among unrelated individuals), which do not offer strong evidence of causal effects, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which do offer strong evidence, but cannot be done in all circumstances. In contrast, there are techniques that lie intermediary between OATs and RCTs, including but not limited to quasi-experimental studies and natural experiments. Such designs are increasingly used, especially in the disciplines of economics and genetics, but are used by obesity researchers less often than seems warranted. Our ability to draw causal inferences in obesity research could be strengthened by using such approaches. In-depth understanding and appropriate use of the full continuum of these methods requires input from disciplines including statistics, economics, psychology, epidemiology, mathematics, philosophy, and behavioral or statistical genetics. Applying these techniques, however, does not involve routine ‘cookbook’ approaches but requires understanding of underlying principles, so the investigator can tailor approaches to specific and varying situations. Yet, other than our annual 5-day short course, no resource provides such training, particularly for behavioral and social science researchers. Our short course on methods for causal inference in obesity research, which features some of the world’s finest scientists, has been consistently evaluated by attendees as essential for their research and teaching. The course provides rigorous exposure to the key fundamental principles underlying a broad array of techniques and experience in application through guided discussion using real examples. The course is dynamic in that we refine and modify its content and delivery methods based on feedback from stakeholders. In this renewal application, we propose to continue to offer this course, alternating its location between Indiana University and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Given the prevalence of obesity and its related health problems, training behavioral and social science researchers to better assess causal effects is more important than ever.

项目概要/摘要确定因果关系是干预和预防科学的基础肥胖是一个主要问题。对于这一点，在理解、治疗和预防方面仍有待取得很大进展，行为是至关重要的。导致能量平衡和身体成分变化，这是肥胖的最终常见途径。环境和生理因素也是影响能量平衡行为的关键影响因素。然而，这些竞争因素的因果关系的证据是从最弱到最强的连续体。肥胖研究不考虑普通关联测试（OAT）之间的证据连续体（在无关个体中进行的观察性、非干预性研究），没有提供强有力的证据因果效应和随机对照试验（RCT）确实提供了强有力的证据，但不能在相比之下，有些技术介于 OAT 和 RCT 之间，包括但不限于准实验研究和自然实验，这种设计越来越多地被使用，特别是在经济学和遗传学学科中，但肥胖研究人员使用的频率低于通过使用这样的方法，我们在肥胖研究中得出因果推论的能力似乎是有必要的。深入理解和正确使用这些方法的完整连续体需要输入。来自统计学、经济学、心理学、流行病学、数学、哲学等学科然而，应用这些技术并不涉及常规的“食谱”。方法，但需要了解基本原理，因此研究人员可以根据需要定制方法然而，除了我们每年为期 5 天的短期课程外，没有任何资源提供此类培训，特别是针对行为和社会科学研究人员的因果推理方法短期课程。由世界上最优秀的一些科学家参与的肥胖研究已由参与者对他们的研究和教学至关重要。该课程提供了对关键知识的严格接触。通过指导，掌握广泛技术和应用经验的基本原理使用真实例子进行讨论是动态的，我们会完善和修改其内容和交付方式。在此续订申请中，我们建议继续提供基于利益相关者反馈的方法。当然，它的地点在印第安纳大学和阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校之间交替。肥胖及其相关健康问题的流行，培训行为和社会科学研究人员更好地评估因果效应比以往任何时候都更加重要。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（43）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Exceptional Reported Effects and Data Anomalies Merit Explanation from "A randomized controlled trial of coordination exercise on cognitive function in obese adolescents" by.

报告的特殊效果和数据异常值得解释“肥胖青少年认知功能协调运动的随机对照试验”。

DOI：
10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101604
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Psychology of sport and exercise
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Ejima,Keisuke;Dickinson,StephanieL;Brown,AndrewW;Yanovski,JackA;Kaiser,KathrynA;Hall,KevinD;Heymsfield,StevenB;Allison,DavidB
通讯作者：
Allison,DavidB

Incorrectly Labeled Randomized Study and Inappropriate Within-Group Comparisons in: "Effectiveness of Home Gardening in Improving Food Security and Health in Chacraseca, Nicaragua: A Pilot Study".

错误标记的随机研究和不适当的组内比较：“家庭园艺在改善尼加拉瓜查克拉塞卡粮食安全和健康方面的有效性：一项试点研究”。