CAUSALITY CONSTRAINTS ON EAR-CANAL TESTS OF ACOUSTIC REFLECTION FUNCTION AND REFLECTANCE

声反射函数和反射率耳道测试的因果关系约束

• 批准号: 10310525
• 负责人: Douglas H Keefe
• 金额: $ 19.38万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-01 至 2023-03-10
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10310525
• 关键词: 3D Print; 5 year old; Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Air; Algorithms; Area; Auditory; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Back; Behavioral; Calibration; Cell physiology; Child; Clinic; Clinical; Cochlea; Code; Complex; Data; Diagnostic tests; Down Syndrome; Ear; Ear Molds; Equation; Etiology; External auditory canal; Fourier Transform; Fracture; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Geometry; Goals; Hearing Tests; Horns; Human; Impairment; Incidence; Incus; Infant; Laboratories; Labyrinth; Language Development; Location; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Newborn Infant; Otitis Media; Otosclerosis; Outcome; Outer Hair Cells; Perception; Peripheral; Physiological; Procedures; Property; Risk; Role; Scanning; Source; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Speech Development; Stapes; Stimulus; Surgical Disarticulation; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; To specify; Travel; Tube; Tympanic Membrane Perforation; Tympanic membrane; Variant; absorption; behavior test; clinical application; clinical diagnosis; digital; experimental study; follow-up; hearing impairment; hearing screening; improved; middle ear; normal hearing; novel; otoacoustic emission; permanent hearing loss; pressure; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sound; sound frequency; translational potential; translational study; transmission process; waveguide

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This project develops and evaluates procedures to estimate the ear-canal sound field near the tympanic membrane (TM). The underlying framework of these procedures is to model the ear canal as an acoustic waveguide. Spatial variation in the cross-sectional area of the ear canal is described acoustically by quantifying forward and reverse sound waves traveling between a probe inserted into the ear canal and a location near the TM. Describing the sound field near the TM in terms of sound pressure and its reflected and transmitted components more accurately quantifies the acoustical high frequency (HF) input to the middle ear. Such a description improves HF calibration of the stimulus near the TM for physiological tests such as otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem responses, and HF behavioral tests such as extended audiometry and tests of spatial processing of sound. The specification also improves the ability to describe forward and reverse otoacoustic emission responses at HFs, which non-invasively encode information on outer-hair cell function within the cochlea. The project outcomes will benefit acoustic diagnostic tests of middle-ear and cochlear function. The goals of Aim 1 are to: (i) implement and evaluate a causal, time-domain measurement at the probe tip of the acoustic reflection function (RF) of the ear, such that reflectance is the Fourier transform of the RF, (ii) use the RF to calculate area-distance functions of the ear canal between the probe tip and TM, and (iii) use RF and area data to estimate the sound field near the TM (i.e., to within 3.6 mm). Current frequency- domain tests to measure reflectance are not constrained to obey causality, which limits their accuracy in clinical applications, especially at frequencies above 8 kHz. Causality requires that sound cannot be reflected prior to its incidence. The RF of the ear is a key response for subsequent area-distance calculations within the ear canal. RF data will be acquired in Aim 1 experiments in tubing systems with varying areas, molds of ear canals and an artificial ear simulator (IEC711 coupler). Present approaches to describe the area-distance function in the ear canal largely use the Webster, or plane-wave, horn equation, which is of insufficient accuracy for the area variations in the ear canal. This project will measure area-distance functions using a novel spherical-wave horn model that controls for changes in the taper of the ear canal. These area-distance algorithms include a novel time-domain description of losses at the ear-canal walls. The goals of Aim 2 are to: (i) acquire RF data in groups of 5-year-old children and adults with normal hearing, (ii) calculate area-distance functions in their canal, (iii) use a digital scanner to measure the ear-canal geometry, (iv) compare acoustic and scanned measurements of the area-distance function, (v) estimate the sound field pressure, and transmission and reflection of sound, near the TM, and (vi) test for maturational differences in ear-canal and middle-ear function in children relative to adults. The approach makes maximal use of the acoustic data provided in a probe measurement within the ear canal.

项目摘要/摘要 该项目开发和评估了估计鼓膜附近耳朵式声场的程序 膜（TM）。这些过程的基本框架是将耳道建模为声学 波导。通过量化来描述耳道的横截面区域的空间变化 向前和反向声波在插入耳道的探头和附近的位置之间传播 TM。描述TM附近的声场，并反映和传输 组件更准确地量化了中耳的声学高频（HF）输入。这样的 描述改善了TM附近刺激的HF校准，以进行生理测试，例如耳声 排放和听觉的脑干响应以及HF行为测试，例如扩展的听力测定法和测试 声音的空间处理。该规范还提高了描述前进和逆转的能力 HFS处的耳声发射反应，该反应非侵入性地编码外发细胞功能的信息 在耳蜗内。该项目结果将使中耳和人工耳蜗的声学诊断测试受益 功能。目标1的目标是：（i）在 耳朵的声学反射函数（RF）的探针尖端，因此反射率是 RF，（ii）使用RF计算探针尖端和TM之间耳道的区域距离功能，以及 （iii）使用RF和区域数据估算TM附近的声场（即3.6 mm以内）。电流频率 - 衡量反射率的领域测试不受遵守因果关系的限制，这限制了其准确性 临床应用，特别是在8 kHz以上的频率下。因果关系要求声音不能反映 在发病率之前。耳朵的RF是对后续区域距离计算的关键响应 耳道。 RF数据将在AIM 1的实验中获取，该实验在具有不同区域的管道系统，耳模 运河和人造耳朵模拟器（IEC711耦合器）。目前描述区域距离的方法 在耳道中的功能很大程度上使用韦伯斯特或飞机波等方程 耳道中面积变化的准确性。该项目将使用 新型的球形喇叭模型可以控制耳道锥度的变化。这些区域距离 算法包括对耳壁壁损失的新型时间域描述。目标2的目标是： （i）以正常听力的5岁儿童和成人的组中获取RF数据，（ii）计算区域距离 运河的功能，（iii）使用数字扫描仪测量耳朵的几何形状，（iv）比较声学 并扫描了区域距离函数的测量，（v）估计声场压力，并 TM附近的声音传播和反射以及（VI）测试耳环和 相对于成年人，儿童的中耳功能。该方法最大程度地使用声学数据 在耳道内的探针测量中提供。