Assessing the genetic basis of arboviral salivary gland escape barriers in Aedes aegypti.

评估埃及伊蚊虫媒病毒唾液腺逃逸障碍的遗传基础。

• 批准号: 9227152
• 负责人: WILLIAM C. BLACK
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-02 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9227152
• 关键词: Aedes; Affect; African; Alphavirus; American; Arboviruses; Asian Americans; Asians; Biological Assay; Breeding; Bunyaviridae; Chest; Culicidae; Data; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Dengue Virus; Disease Outbreaks; Dose; Environmental Risk Factor; Experimental Designs; Female; Flavivirus; Future; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Geographic state; Gland; Head; Heritability; Immune system; Indian Ocean; Infection; Investigation; Leg; Malaysia; Measures; Methods; Mexican; Mexico; Midgut; Mothers; Nucleic Acids; Oils; Organ; Orthobunyavirus; Partner in relationship; Pharmacologic Substance; Play; Population; Quantitative Genetics; RNA; Reporting; Research Personnel; Role; Saliva; Salivary Glands; Senegal; Serotyping; South African; South America; Sucrose; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Titrations; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; Yellow Fever; Zika Virus; base; chikungunya; design; male; novel strategies; offspring; tissue culture; tool; transmission process; vector; viral RNA; viral transmission

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The salivary gland is the organ that ultimately transmits an arbovirus from an infected mosquito into her vertebrate host. Salivary gland infection barriers (SGIBs) and salivary gland escape barriers (SGEBs) determine whether the saliva of a mosquito will contain sufficient virus to overcome the vertebrate immune system. SGIBs are manifest as the absence of detectable virus in the salivary glands of mosquitoes that have a disseminated viral infection (as determined by bioassay of pulled legs or smashed heads). There are large numbers of studies that document SGIBs for bunyaviruses and flaviviruses. SGEBs on the other hand are manifest as the absence of detectable virus in the saliva of mosquitoes that have infected salivary glands (as determined by bioassay of dissected glands). In contrast to SGIBs, there are very few studies that document SGEBs in mosquitoes and those have only examined bunyaviruses. Furthermore these SGEB studies were not performed in genetically “tractable” mosquito species that can be easily colonized from the field, reared in the lab, crossed as single pairs and have an abundance of genetic markers. Because of this deficiency we have little understanding of whether there is a genetic basis for SGEBs or whether they are random, subject to a few or many “environmental” factors. The results of this study will indicate whether there are genetic factors in the mosquito which, if manipulated through transgenics or pharmaceuticals, could interfere with the ability of the mosquito to transmit an arbovirus. Alternatively if mosquito genetics accounts for very little of the ability of the mosquito to transmit arboviruses then this is unlikely to be a fruitful approach. PI Black's earlier work on the quantitative genetics of DENV-2 in Ae. aegypti midgut infection and escape barriers indicated that 40% of the variation was due to genetic effects and 60% was due to environmental effects. To date, many genes have been identified that affect tissue barriers to DENV-2 infections but many environmental effects (including viral genotype) have also been identified. Will the same hold true from SGIBs and SGEBs?

项目摘要 /摘要 唾液腺是最终从感染中传播arbovirus的器官 蚊子进入她的脊椎动物宿主。唾液腺感染屏障（SGIB）和唾液腺 逃生障碍（SGEB）确定蚊子的唾液是否含有足够的病毒 克服脊椎动物免疫系统。 SGIB表现为没有可检测的 蚊子的病毒在具有传播病毒感染的蚊子（如 由拉动腿或砸碎的头部生物测定法确定。有大量研究 该记录了Bunyaviruses和Flaviviruses的SGIBS。另一方面，sgeb是明显的 由于没有感染唾液手套的蚊子的唾液中没有可检测的病毒 （由解剖腺体生物测定确定）。与sgibs相反，很少 记录蚊子中SGEB的研究，这些研究仅检查了Bunyaviruses。 此外，这些SGEB研究没有在遗传“可拖动”的蚊子物种中进行 可以很容易地从田野上殖民，在实验室中饲养，以单对跨越，并具有 丰富的遗传标记。由于这种不足，我们对 SGEB是否有遗传基础，还是随机的，受少数或 许多“环境”因素。这项研究的结果将表明是否有遗传 蚊子中的因素，如果通过转化或药物操纵，可以 干涉蚊子传播刺虫病毒的能力。或者如果蚊子 遗传学对蚊子传播arbovirus的能力的解释很少，这就是 不太可能是一种富有成果的方法。 Pi Black早期在DENV-2的定量遗传学上的工作 在Ae中。埃及中肠感染和逃生障碍物表明40％的变化应到期 遗传作用和60％是由于环境影响。迄今为止，许多基因已经 确定会影响DENV-2感染的组织屏障，但许多环境影响 （包括病毒基因型）也已被鉴定。 SGIBS和 sgebs？