Neuronal circuit mechanisms for learning during social interactions

社交互动期间学习的神经元回路机制

• 批准号: 9303784
• 负责人: TODD F ROBERTS
• 金额: $ 28.35万
• 依托单位: UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9303784
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Animals; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral Mechanisms; Behavioral Model; Birds; Brain; Brain region; Calcium; Cell Nucleus; Communication; Complex; Coupled; Development; Electrophysiology (science); Functional Imaging; Future; Genetic; Goals; Human; Image; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Lead; Learning; Light; Memory; Methodology; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Neurons; Neurosciences; Pathway interactions; Performance; Population; Prosencephalon; Research; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Social Interaction; Songbirds; Speech; Speech Recognition Software; Synapses; Telencephalon; Testing; Time; auditory feedback; base; bird song; developmental disease; experience; imaging modality; in vivo; in vivo imaging; innovation; insight; learned behavior; long term memory; memory encoding; neuronal circuitry; optical imaging; optogenetics; presynaptic; programs; public health relevance; rehearsal; social; social communication; social learning; theories; tutoring; two-photon; vocal learning; vocalization

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Even brief social interactions can lead to long lasting memories that profoundly shape future behavior. For example, speech, language, and other culturally transmitted behaviors are learned from social experiences. Resolving how the brain forms and retains long-lasting memories of social experiences is an important goal in neuroscience because it can provide fundamental insights into how we learn from one another and how we communicate. Aside from human speech and language learning, song learning in birds provides one of the clearest examples of this. Following only brief tutoring from an adult bird, a juvenile songbird will establish an accurate, long-lasting memory of the adult model's song, as evidenced by the precise vocal imitation of this song many weeks, and in some species, months and years, later. A major challenge to identifying the neuronal circuits that encode and retain these lasting representations has been our inability to remotely monitor and manipulate neuronal activity on time scales congruent with social interactions and learning. Using optogenetic manipulation of conditionally targeted neurons, voice recognition software and optical imaging of neuronal activity, we have overcome these methodological road blocks. This research will identify the specific neurons that encode and store the memory of the tutor's song needed for vocal imitation using tutoring contingent optogenetic inhibition and two-photon imaging of neuronal activity in juvenile birds. Several lines of evidence have implicated the song premotor nucleus HVC in tutor song memory. However, it is not clear whether a single class of neurons in HVC or downstream of HVC, including those in the auditory forebrain, function to encode this memory. The objective of this proposal is to resolve this issue by identifying the specific class or classes of neurons that encode the tutor song memory, revealing how it is functionally represented in the juvenile brain, and examining how the song memory interacts with circuits important for evaluating singing performance. In the first aim of this proposal we wil use the conditional expression of an inhibitory light sensitive channel to transiently silence different classes of neurons in these brain regions to test their necessity in tutor song learning. In the second aim we will use in vivo imaging of neuronal activity to examine how sensory experience of the tutor's song is functionally and spatially represented in the brain. In the third aim we will use optogenetic inhibition during vocal rehearsal to identify how neurons encoding the tutor song memory interact with auditory feedback circuits. Through these aims we will provide fundamental insights into how the brain encodes and retains memories of vocal models and how these memories shape future behaviors.

 描述（适用提供）：即使是简短的社交互动也会导致持久的记忆，从而深刻影响未来的行为。例如，言语，语言和其他文化传播行为是从社会经验中学到的。解决大脑如何形成和保留对社会经历的长期记忆是神经科学的重要目标，因为它可以提供有关我们如何相互学习以及如何交流的基本见解。除了人类的言语和语言学习外，《鸟类的歌曲学习》还提供了最明确的例子之一。在只有一只成年鸟的简短辅导之后，一位少年歌手将建立对成人模特的歌曲的准确，持久的记忆，这是通过这首歌的精确声音模仿数周以及在某些物种，几个月和几年之后的精确声音所证明的。确定编码和保留这些持久表示的神经元电路的主要挑战是我们无法按时间范围远程监测和操纵与社交互动和学习一致的神经元活动。使用有条件靶向的神经元，语音识别软件和神经元活动的光学成像的光遗传操纵，我们克服了这些方法论路段。这项研究将确定使用辅导偶然的光遗传学抑制和对少年鸟类神经元活性的两光仪成像进行编码和存储导师歌曲仿真的记忆的特定神经元。几条证据已在教师歌曲记忆中实现了歌曲前核HVC。但是，尚不清楚HVC中的一类神经元还是HVC的下游（包括听觉前脑中的那些神经元）是否可以编码此内存。该提案的目的是通过识别编码教师歌曲记忆的特定类别或类别的神经元，揭示其在少年大脑中的功能表示，并检查歌曲记忆与评估歌唱表现重要的电路相互作用。在该提案的第一个目的中，我们将使用抑制光敏通道的条件表达来暂时沉默这些大脑区域中不同类别的神经元，以测试其在教师歌曲学习中的必要性。 在第二个目的中，我们将使用神经元活动的体内成像来检查导师歌曲的感觉体验在大脑中的功能和空间上如何表示。在第三 目的，我们将在声带排练期间使用光遗传学抑制，以确定编码教师歌曲记忆的神经元如何与听觉反馈电路相互作用。通过这些目标，我们将提供有关大脑如何编码和保留声乐模型的记忆以及这些记忆如何影响未来行为的基本见解。