Stress and Subclinical Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Police: A Longitudinal Study

警察的压力和亚临床心脏代谢疾病：一项纵向研究

• 批准号: 8298924
• 负责人: JOHN M VIOLANTI
• 金额: $ 54.95万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8298924
• 关键词: Stress; Subclinical; Cardio; Metabolic; Disease

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Certain characteristics of police work such as shift work, long work hours, high demands, and traumatic exposures have been associated with increased levels of psychological stress and in some cases with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. An observational study conducted over a period of time can provide more convincing evidence that these workplace stressors lead to development of adverse physiological and psychological health outcomes. Thus, the general objective of this project is to conduct a longitudinal follow-up assessment of approximately 475 police officers for whom baseline data and a protocol infrastructure have already been established. The study will assess police workplace stress by examining physiological and psychological measures of stress and evaluating potential associations of these measures with subclinical markers or early signs of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in a population-based design. Markers of disease include blood pressure; laboratory measurement of lipids, glucose, and insulin; heart rate variability to assess autonomic nervous system function; ultrasound imaging studies to measure carotid artery wall thickness (atherosclerosis) and brachial artery reactivity (endothelial or vascular function); and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurement of body fat, lean tissue composition, and bone density. Also to be examined are psychosocial factors known to be detrimental to health such as perceived stress, depression, and hostility, and factors known to be protective (e.g., resiliency and social support). The research findings on the health consequences of stress can be translated into improved prevention practices. Analysis of the complex prospective data acquired from this research may contribute to a better understanding of how exposure to stressors over time may lead to early indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the percentage of workers who describe their job as very or extremely stressful can be as high as 40 percent (Stress...At Work; NIOSH Publication No. 99- 101). Given this likelihood that stress is relatively common in the workplace, prevention of adverse health consequences that may be associated with stress could benefit a large proportion of the working population. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Stressors inherent in police work and related lifestyle factors have been associated with adverse cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes. However, the majority of studies has thus far been cross sectional in design, and has focused mostly on apparent clinical outcomes. Thus, the overall goal of this project is to longitudinally examine the impact of occupational stressors on early signs of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in police officers in order to further knowledge on this topic and enhance prevention efforts in the field.

描述（由申请人提供）：警察工作的某些特征，例如轮班工作，长期工作时间，高需求和创伤性暴露与心理压力的增加有关，在某些情况下，心血管不良后果。一段时间内进行的一项观察性研究可以提供更具说服力的证据，证明这些工作场所压力源会导致不良生理和心理健康结果的发展。因此，该项目的一般目标是对已经建立了基准数据和协议基础设施的大约475名警官进行纵向随访评估。该研究将通过检查压力的生理和心理措施来评估警察工作场所的压力，并评估这些措施与亚临床标记的潜在关联或基于人群的设计中心血管和代谢疾病的早期迹象。疾病标志包括血压；实验室测量脂质，葡萄糖和胰岛素；评估自主神经系统功能的心率变异性；超声成像研究以测量颈动脉壁厚度（动脉粥样硬化）和臂动脉反应性（内皮或血管功能）；和双能X射线吸收法（DXA）测量体内脂肪，瘦组织组成和骨密度。还需要检查的是已知对健康有害的社会心理因素，例如感知到的压力，抑郁和敌意，以及已知具有保护性的因素（例如，弹性和社会支持）。关于压力的健康后果的研究结果可以转化为改进的预防实践。从这项研究中获取的复杂前瞻性数据的分析可能有助于更好地理解随着时间的推移对压力源的暴露可能导致心血管和代谢异常的早期指标。根据国家职业安全与健康研究所的说法，将其工作描述为非常或极度压力的工人的比例可能高达40％（工作压力...在工作中； NIOSH出版物第99-101号）。鉴于压力在工作场所相对普遍的可能性，预防可能与压力相关的不良健康后果可能会受益于大部分的工作人群。 公共卫生相关性：警察工作和相关生活方式因素固有的压力源与不良心血管和代谢健康成果有关。但是，到目前为止，大多数研究在设计上都是横截面，并且主要集中在明显的临床结果上。因此，该项目的总体目标是纵向研究职业压力源对警官心血管和代谢疾病早期迹象的影响，以便进一步了解该主题并加强该领域的预防工作。