Stressors and Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Police: A 12-year Longitudinal Study

警察的压力源和心脏代谢疾病：一项为期 12 年的纵向研究

• 批准号: 9302360
• 负责人: JOHN M VIOLANTI
• 金额: $ 63.8万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9302360
• 关键词: Stressors; Cardio; Metabolic; Disease; Police

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Certain characteristics of police work such as shift work, long work hours, high demands, and traumatic exposures have been associated with increased levels of psychological stress and in some cases with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. An observational study conducted over a period of time can provide more convincing evidence that these workplace stressors lead to development of adverse physiological and psychological health outcomes. Additionally, health outcomes of longer latency periods can be assessed. Thus, the general objective of this project is to conduct a longitudinal follow-up assessment of police officers for whom baseline data and a protocol infrastructure have already been established. The study will assess police workplace stress by examining physiological and psychological measures of stress and evaluating potential associations of these measures with subclinical markers or early signs of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in a population-based design. Markers of disease include blood pressure; laboratory measurement of lipids, glucose, and insulin; heart rate variability to assess autonomic nervous system function; ultrasound imaging studies to measure carotid artery wall thickness (atherosclerosis) and brachial artery reactivity (endothelial or vascular function); and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurement of body fat, lean tissue composition, and bone density. Also to be examined are psychosocial factors known to be detrimental to health such as perceived stress, depression, and hostility, and factors known to be protective (e.g., resiliency and social support). The research findings on the health consequences of stress can provide translational information to facilitate improved prevention practices. Analysis of the complex prospective data acquired from this research may contribute to a better understanding of how exposure to stressors over time may lead to early indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the percentage of workers who describe their job as very or extremely stressful can be as high as 40 percent (Stress...At Work; NIOSH Publication No. 99- 101). Given this likelihood that stress is relatively common in the workplace, prevention of adverse health consequences that may be associated with stress could benefit a large proportion of the working population.

 描述（由申请人提供）：一项观察性研究表明，警察工作的某些特征，如轮班工作、工作时间长、要求高和遭受创伤，与心理压力水平的增加有关，在某些情况下还与不良心血管后果有关。可以提供更令人信服的证据，证明这些工作场所压力源会导致不良的生理和心理健康结果。此外，可以评估较长潜伏期的健康结果。因此，该项目的总体目标是进行纵向研究。对警务人员进行后续评估该研究将通过检查压力的生理和心理测量并评估这些测量与亚临床标志物或心血管和代谢疾病早期迹象的潜在关联来评估警察工作场所的压力。疾病标志物包括血压；血脂、血糖和胰岛素的实验室测量；评估自主神经系统功能的超声成像研究，以测量颈动脉壁厚度（动脉粥样硬化）和肱动脉反应性（内皮或血管）；功能）；以及身体脂肪、瘦组织成分和骨密度的双能 X 射线吸收测定法（DXA）测量，还需要检查已知不利于健康的社会心理因素，例如感知压力、抑郁和敌意。关于压力对健康的影响的研究结果可以提供转化信息，以促进改进预防实践，分析从这项研究中获得的复杂的前瞻性数据可能有助于更好地理解。如何接触随着时间的推移，压力源可能会导致心血管和代谢异常的早期迹象，根据美国国家职业安全与健康研究所的数据，认为自己的工作压力很大或极大的员工比例可能高达 40%（压力...在工作中；NIOSH 出版物第 99-101 号）考虑到压力在工作场所相对普遍，预防可能与压力相关的不良健康后果可能会使很大一部分工作人群受益。