Stress and Subclinical Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Police: A Longitudinal Study

警察的压力和亚临床心脏代谢疾病：一项纵向研究

• 批准号: 8130636
• 负责人: JOHN M VIOLANTI
• 金额: $ 53.01万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8130636
• 关键词: Stress; Subclinical; Cardio; Metabolic; Disease

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Certain characteristics of police work such as shift work, long work hours, high demands, and traumatic exposures have been associated with increased levels of psychological stress and in some cases with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. An observational study conducted over a period of time can provide more convincing evidence that these workplace stressors lead to development of adverse physiological and psychological health outcomes. Thus, the general objective of this project is to conduct a longitudinal follow-up assessment of approximately 475 police officers for whom baseline data and a protocol infrastructure have already been established. The study will assess police workplace stress by examining physiological and psychological measures of stress and evaluating potential associations of these measures with subclinical markers or early signs of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in a population-based design. Markers of disease include blood pressure; laboratory measurement of lipids, glucose, and insulin; heart rate variability to assess autonomic nervous system function; ultrasound imaging studies to measure carotid artery wall thickness (atherosclerosis) and brachial artery reactivity (endothelial or vascular function); and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurement of body fat, lean tissue composition, and bone density. Also to be examined are psychosocial factors known to be detrimental to health such as perceived stress, depression, and hostility, and factors known to be protective (e.g., resiliency and social support). The research findings on the health consequences of stress can be translated into improved prevention practices. Analysis of the complex prospective data acquired from this research may contribute to a better understanding of how exposure to stressors over time may lead to early indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the percentage of workers who describe their job as very or extremely stressful can be as high as 40 percent (Stress...At Work; NIOSH Publication No. 99- 101). Given this likelihood that stress is relatively common in the workplace, prevention of adverse health consequences that may be associated with stress could benefit a large proportion of the working population. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Stressors inherent in police work and related lifestyle factors have been associated with adverse cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes. However, the majority of studies has thus far been cross sectional in design, and has focused mostly on apparent clinical outcomes. Thus, the overall goal of this project is to longitudinally examine the impact of occupational stressors on early signs of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in police officers in order to further knowledge on this topic and enhance prevention efforts in the field.

描述（由申请人提供）：警察工作的某些特征，例如轮班工作、工作时间长、要求高和遭受创伤，与心理压力水平增加有关，在某些情况下还与不良心血管后果有关。在一段时间内进行的观察性研究可以提供更有说服力的证据，证明这些工作场所压力源会导致不良的生理和心理健康结果的发展。因此，该项目的总体目标是对大约 475 名警官进行纵向跟踪评估，这些警官的基线数据和协议基础设施已经建立。该研究将通过检查压力的生理和心理测量值，并在基于人群的设计中评估这些测量值与亚临床标志物或心血管和代谢疾病早期迹象的潜在关联，来评估警察工作场所的压力。疾病标志物包括血压；脂质、葡萄糖和胰岛素的实验室测量；心率变异性以评估自主神经系统功能；超声成像研究测量颈动脉壁厚度（动脉粥样硬化）和肱动脉反应性（内皮或血管功能）；以及双能 X 射线吸收仪 (DXA) 测量身体脂肪、瘦组织成分和骨密度。还需要检查已知对健康有害的心理社会因素，例如感知压力、抑郁和敌意，以及已知的保护性因素（例如弹性和社会支持）。关于压力对健康影响的研究结果可以转化为改进的预防措施。对本研究获得的复杂前瞻性数据进行分析可能有助于更好地理解随着时间的推移暴露于压力源如何导致心血管和代谢异常的早期指标。根据美国国家职业安全与健康研究所的数据，认为自己的工作压力很大或极其紧张的工人比例高达 40%（工作压力……工作；NIOSH 出版物第 99-101 号）。鉴于压力在工作场所相对普遍的可能性，预防可能与压力相关的不良健康后果可能会使很大一部分工作人群受益。 公共卫生相关性：警察工作中固有的压力源和相关的生活方式因素与不良的心血管和代谢健康结果有关。然而，迄今为止，大多数研究都是横断面设计，并且主要关注明显的临床结果。因此，该项目的总体目标是纵向研究职业压力源对警务人员心血管和代谢疾病早期症状的影响，以进一步了解该主题并加强该领域的预防工作。