Neighborhoods, Alcohol Outlets and Intimate Partner Violence

社区、酒馆和亲密伴侣暴力

基本信息

批准号：
7816804
负责人：
CAROL B CUNRADI
金额：
$ 50.14万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-05-01 至 2013-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7816804
关键词：
ARHGEF5 gene Affect African American Age Alcohol abuse Alcohols Anxiety Area Behavior California Caucasoid Race Censuses Characteristics Child Abuse and Neglect Chills Cities Communities Community Actions Consumption Couples Crime Data Data Collection Drunk driving Education Ensure Environmental Risk Factor Ethnic Origin Family Geographic Information Systems Goals Grant Heavy Drinking Household Individual Informal Social Control Intervention Lead Life Link Los Angeles Low income Marketing Mediating Mental Depression Methods Modeling National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Neighborhoods Patient Self-Report Pattern Police Population Prevalence Prevention Prevention approach Principal Investigator Production Public Health Reporting Research Risk Risk Factors Rural Sampling Signal Transduction Social Disorganizations Socioeconomic Status Source Spouses Surveys System Violence Work alcohol availability alcohol exposure density of AOD outlets distilled alcoholic beverage drinking drinking behavior intimate partner violence low socioeconomic status member multilevel analysis psychological distress public health relevance social suburb underage drinking violence prevention

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For couples living in socially disorganized neighborhoods, alcohol outlets can act with neighborhood conditions to increase their risks for intimate partner violence (IPV). This may happen by two mechanisms: greater numbers of alcohol outlets within a neighborhood may (1) be a sign of loosened normative constraints against violence and (2) promote problem alcohol use among at-risk couples. The first mechanism suggests that the presence of alcohol outlets, in the context of disorganized neighborhood conditions, may signal to residents that the mechanisms of informal social control are not working, making them less likely to intervene if others engage in IPV, or making them less constrained in their own behavior toward their spouse/partner. The second mechanism suggests that exposure to alcohol outlets, along with other noxious neighborhood conditions, may lead to heavier drinking, thereafter increasing IPV risk. The overall goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors, such as alcohol outlet density and neighborhood social disorganization, along with individual- and couple-level characteristics, increase risk for IPV. Using a multi-methods approach, including geo-statistical analyses of archival (i.e., Census and alcohol outlet) data from 50 California cities with populations between 50,000 and 500,000, and multilevel analysis of survey data from 2,000 married/cohabiting couples, our specific aims are to: 1. Estimate the prevalence of self-reported IPV and problem drinking among married/cohabiting couples in relation to alcohol outlet density (and type) and aggregate neighborhood social disorganization. 2. Investigate constituent couple characteristics (i.e., low collective efficacy, community nonintervention norms, and psychological distress) that mediate relationships between neighborhood social disorganization and self-reported IPV, and determine if alcohol outlet density (and type) affects these relationships. 3. Determine if greater availability of alcohol (i.e., alcohol outlet density) is associated with patterns of venue use associated with heavier drinking that affects increased self-reported IPV, and if neighborhood social disorganization affects these associations. 4. Determine if the relationships between other important couple- and individual-level risk factors for IPV (e.g., non-white race/ethnicity, younger age, lower household socioeconomic status) are differentially affected by level of neighborhood social disorganization. By linking individual/couple factors, such as drinking behavior, to environmental factors, this study will help to illuminate the interrelationships between individual and place in the production of IPV. Understanding these mechanisms is of critical public health importance for developing environmental strategies aimed at prevention of IPV, such as changes in zoning, community action and education, and policing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The overall goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors, such as alcohol outlet density and neighborhood social disorganization, interact with individual- and couple-level characteristics to increase risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). By linking individual/couples factors, such as drinking behavior, to environmental factors, this study will help to illuminate the interrelationships between individual and place in the production of IPV. Understanding these mechanisms is of critical public health importance for developing environmental strategies aimed at IPV prevention, such as changes in zoning, community action and education, and policing.

描述（由申请人提供）：对于生活在社会组织杂乱无章的社区中的夫妇，酒精渠道可以在社区条件下采取行动，以增加其亲密伴侣暴力的风险（IPV）。这可能是通过两种机制发生的：邻居内的更多酒精插座可能是（1）对暴力行为的规范性限制放松，并且（2）在高危夫妇中促进饮酒问题。第一种机制表明，在混乱的邻里条件的情况下，酒精插座的存在可能会向居民发出信号，即非正式社会控制的机制不起作用，如果其他人参与IPV或使他们对自己的配偶/伴侣的行为受到限制，则不太可能干预。第二种机制表明，暴露于酒精插座以及其他有害的邻里条件可能会导致饮酒较重，此后增加了IPV风险。这项研究的总体目标是更深入地了解环境因素，例如酒精出口密度和社区社会混乱以及个人和夫妻级特征，增加IPV的风险。使用多种方法的方法，包括来自50个加利福尼亚城市的档案档案分析（即人口普查和酒精出口），人口在50,000至50万之间，以及对2,000个已婚/同居夫妇的调查数据的多层次分析，我们的特定目标是：1。类型）和邻里社会混乱。 2。调查介导社区社会混乱与自我报告的IPV之间关系的组成夫妇特征（即低集体效能，社区非干预规范和心理困扰），并确定酒精出口密度（和类型）是否影响这些关系。 3.确定酒精的供应量是否更大（即酒精出口密度）是否与较重饮酒相关的场地使用模式有关，这会影响自我报告的IPV增加，以及邻里社会混乱是否影响这些关联。 4.确定IPV的其他重要夫妇和个人级别的风险因素之间的关系（例如，非白人种族/种族，年轻年龄，较低的家庭社会经济地位）是否受到社区社会混乱水平的影响。通过将诸如饮酒行为等个体/夫妻因素与环境因素联系起来，这项研究将有助于阐明IPV生产中个人与位置之间的相互关系。理解这些机制对于制定旨在预防IPV的环境战略（例如分区，社区行动和教育和警务）的环境战略至关重要。公共卫生相关性：这项研究的总体目标是更深入地了解环境因素（例如酒精出口密度和社会社会混乱）如何与个人和夫妇级别的特征相互作用，以增加亲密伴侣暴力的风险（IPV）。通过将诸如饮酒行为的个体/夫妻因素与环境因素联系起来，这项研究将有助于阐明IPV生产中个体与位置之间的相互关系。了解这些机制对于开发针对IPV预防的环境战略的重要性至关重要，例如分区，社区行动和教育以及警务的变化。