Neighborhoods, Alcohol Outlets and Intimate Partner Violence

社区、酒馆和亲密伴侣暴力

基本信息

批准号：
7663703
负责人：
CAROL B CUNRADI
金额：
$ 49.71万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-05-01 至 2013-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7663703
关键词：
ARHGEF5 gene Affect African American Age Alcohol abuse Alcohols Anxiety Area Behavior California Caucasoid Race Censuses Characteristics Child Abuse and Neglect Chills Cities Communities Community Actions Consumption Couples Crime Data Data Collection Drunk driving Education Ensure Environmental Risk Factor Ethnic Origin Family Geographic Information Systems Goals Grant Heavy Drinking Household Individual Informal Social Control Intervention Lead Life Link Los Angeles Low income Marketing Mediating Methods Modeling National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Neighborhoods Patient Self-Report Pattern Police Population Prevalence Prevention Prevention approach Principal Investigator Production Public Health Reporting Research Risk Risk Factors Rural Sampling Signal Transduction Social Disorganizations Socioeconomic Status Source Spouses Surveys System Violence Work alcohol availability alcohol exposure density of AOD outlets depression distilled alcoholic beverage drinking drinking behavior intimate partner violence low socioeconomic status member multilevel analysis psychological distress public health relevance social suburb underage drinking violence prevention

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For couples living in socially disorganized neighborhoods, alcohol outlets can act with neighborhood conditions to increase their risks for intimate partner violence (IPV). This may happen by two mechanisms: greater numbers of alcohol outlets within a neighborhood may (1) be a sign of loosened normative constraints against violence and (2) promote problem alcohol use among at-risk couples. The first mechanism suggests that the presence of alcohol outlets, in the context of disorganized neighborhood conditions, may signal to residents that the mechanisms of informal social control are not working, making them less likely to intervene if others engage in IPV, or making them less constrained in their own behavior toward their spouse/partner. The second mechanism suggests that exposure to alcohol outlets, along with other noxious neighborhood conditions, may lead to heavier drinking, thereafter increasing IPV risk. The overall goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors, such as alcohol outlet density and neighborhood social disorganization, along with individual- and couple-level characteristics, increase risk for IPV. Using a multi-methods approach, including geo-statistical analyses of archival (i.e., Census and alcohol outlet) data from 50 California cities with populations between 50,000 and 500,000, and multilevel analysis of survey data from 2,000 married/cohabiting couples, our specific aims are to: 1. Estimate the prevalence of self-reported IPV and problem drinking among married/cohabiting couples in relation to alcohol outlet density (and type) and aggregate neighborhood social disorganization. 2. Investigate constituent couple characteristics (i.e., low collective efficacy, community nonintervention norms, and psychological distress) that mediate relationships between neighborhood social disorganization and self-reported IPV, and determine if alcohol outlet density (and type) affects these relationships. 3. Determine if greater availability of alcohol (i.e., alcohol outlet density) is associated with patterns of venue use associated with heavier drinking that affects increased self-reported IPV, and if neighborhood social disorganization affects these associations. 4. Determine if the relationships between other important couple- and individual-level risk factors for IPV (e.g., non-white race/ethnicity, younger age, lower household socioeconomic status) are differentially affected by level of neighborhood social disorganization. By linking individual/couple factors, such as drinking behavior, to environmental factors, this study will help to illuminate the interrelationships between individual and place in the production of IPV. Understanding these mechanisms is of critical public health importance for developing environmental strategies aimed at prevention of IPV, such as changes in zoning, community action and education, and policing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The overall goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors, such as alcohol outlet density and neighborhood social disorganization, interact with individual- and couple-level characteristics to increase risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). By linking individual/couples factors, such as drinking behavior, to environmental factors, this study will help to illuminate the interrelationships between individual and place in the production of IPV. Understanding these mechanisms is of critical public health importance for developing environmental strategies aimed at IPV prevention, such as changes in zoning, community action and education, and policing.

描述（由申请人提供）：对于生活在社会秩序混乱的社区的夫妇，酒类商店可以根据社区条件采取行动，以增加他们遭受亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 的风险。这可能通过两种机制发生：邻里内更多的酒类销售点可能（1）是放松对暴力的规范限制的标志；（2）促进高危夫妇中存在问题的饮酒问题。第一个机制表明，在杂乱无章的邻里条件下，酒类商店的存在可能会向居民发出信号，表明非正式的社会控制机制不起作用，使他们在其他人参与 IPV 时不太可能进行干预，或者使他们更少地干预。他们对配偶/伴侣的行为受到限制。第二种机制表明，接触酒精商店以及其他有害的社区条件可能会导致酗酒，从而增加 IPV 风险。本研究的总体目标是更深入地了解环境因素（例如酒精出口密度和社区社会混乱）以及个人和夫妇层面的特征如何增加 IPV 风险。我们的具体目标采用多种方法，包括对加州 50 个人口在 50,000 至 500,000 人之间的城市的档案（即人口普查和酒精出口）数据进行地理统计分析，以及对 2,000 对已婚/同居夫妇的调查数据进行多层次分析。目的是： 1. 估计已婚/同居夫妇中自我报告的 IPV 和饮酒问题的流行率与酒精出口密度（和类型）和总体社区社会混乱的关系。 2. 调查调节邻里社会解构和自我报告的 IPV 之间关系的夫妻特征（即低集体效能、社区不干预规范和心理困扰），并确定酒精出口密度（和类型）是否影响这些关系。 3. 确定酒精供应量的增加（即酒精出口密度）是否与重度饮酒相关的场所使用模式相关，而重度饮酒会影响自我报告的 IPV 增加，以及邻里社会混乱是否会影响这些关联。 4. 确定其他重要的夫妻和个人层面的 IPV 风险因素（例如，非白人种族/族裔、年龄较小、家庭社会经济地位较低）之间的关系是否受到邻里社会混乱程度的不同影响。通过将饮酒行为等个人/夫妇因素与环境因素联系起来，这项研究将有助于阐明 IPV 生产中个人与地点之间的相互关系。了解这些机制对于制定旨在预防 IPV 的环境战略（例如分区、社区行动和教育以及治安的变化）至关重要。公共卫生相关性：本研究的总体目标是更深入地了解环境因素（例如酒精出口密度和邻里社会混乱）如何与个人和夫妻层面的特征相互作用，从而增加亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的风险。通过将饮酒行为等个人/夫妇因素与环境因素联系起来，这项研究将有助于阐明 IPV 生产中个人与地点之间的相互关系。了解这些机制对于制定旨在预防 IPV 的环境战略（例如分区、社区行动和教育以及治安的变化）至关重要。