Push-pull Interactions Between ON and OFF Bipolar, Amacrine and Ganglion cells

ON 和 OFF 双极细胞、无长突细胞和神经节细胞之间的推拉相互作用

• 批准号: 7741656
• 负责人: FRANK S WERBLIN
• 金额: $ 37.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7741656
• 关键词: Agonist; Amacrine Cells; Back; Cell Shape; Cells; Cellular Morphology; Characteristics; Confocal Microscopy; Diagnosis; Disease; Electronics; Feedback; Generations; Goals; Inner Plexiform Layer; Laboratories; Lateral Geniculate Body; Measures; Mediating; Morphology; Neurons; Noise; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmacology; Physiology; Process; Prosthesis; Research; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Slice; Staging; Staining method; Stains; Synapses; System; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; Work; base; cell type; computerized data processing; design; feeding; ganglion cell; neural circuit; parallel processing; patch clamp; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; sensory system; synaptic function; transmission process; visual information; visual process; visual processing; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long-term goal is to uncover the fundamental circuit design rules that govern retinal visual processing. We focus in this proposal upon a recently discovered but ubiquitous form of circuitry that utilizes push-pull interactions. This circuit motif exists throughout the visual pathway from ganglion cells to cells in the LGN and visual cortex but has never been fully investigated. Push-pull interactions occur when inhibition decreases while excitation increases at a given neuron, or vice versa. We have recently discovered that push pull interactions represent a dominant form of circuitry in bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells. In all cases, push pull interactions utilize the convergence of complementary, activity from the ON and OFF pathways. When excitation from the ON pathway increases, there is concomitant decrease in inhibition from the OFF pathway and vice versa. Push pull crossover inhibition is manifest in many different circuitries: It is expressed as feedback inhibition between ON and OFF bipolar cells, as feedforward inhibition to ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells, and recursive inhibition between ON and OFF amacrine cells. These crossover inhibitory interactions underlie a form of parallel processing where the integration of ON and OFF visual signals compensate for signal degradation and enhance signal processing functions such as common mode rejection, drift reduction, and noise reduction and non-linearity corrections. Similar circuitry is known to be used extensively in modern electronic circuit design. The overall goal of the studies is to extract principles of functional organization in the circuitry of the retina that will set precedents for processing of visual information in the retina and at higher visual centers as well as in other sensory systems. Crossover pathways will be studied using isolated retina and retinal slices, using patch clamp recording. Synaptic pathways will be dissected and evaluated using pharmacological agonists and antagonists. Correlation with previously established cell types will be implemented through morphological analysis using confocal microscopy of intracellularly-stained and patch-recorded neurons. The push-pull, crossover pathways constitute a fundamental paradigm for signal transmission and processing throughout the visual system. A thorough understanding of these circuitries will help us decipher the strategies used by the retina and higher visual centers to process the visual message. This understanding will enhance our ability to diagnose visual signal processing anomalies in the retina and higher visual centers, to treat disorders of the visual system, and to design devises for enhancing vision with prosthetic devices.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的长期目标是揭示控制视网膜视觉处理的基本电路设计规则。我们将重点放在最近发现但普遍存在的电路形式上，该电路利用了推拉式相互作用。该电路图案在整个视觉途径中存在，从神经节细胞到LGN和视觉皮层的细胞，但从未得到充分研究。当抑制作用减少时，在给定神经元的激发增加时发生推动力相互作用，反之亦然。我们最近发现，推拉相互作用代表了双极，无摩托神经节和神经节细胞中电路的主要形式。在所有情况下，推拉相互作用都利用互补，从开路和关闭路径的活动的收敛性。当从ON途径增加的激发增加时，抑制途径的抑制作用也会降低，反之亦然。推动拉的交叉抑制在许多不同的电路中都表现出来：它表示为反馈抑制双极细胞之间的反馈抑制作用，作为对视网膜神经节细胞和关闭视网膜神经节细胞的进食抑制作用，而在无链氨基链氨基细胞之间进行了递归抑制。 这些交叉抑制性相互作用是平行处理形式的基础，其中ON和OFF视觉信号的整合补偿了信号降低并增强信号处理功能，例如共同模式排斥，降低漂移以及降低降低和非线性校正。已知相似的电路在现代电子电路设计中广泛使用。研究的总体目的是在视网膜电路中提取功能组织的原理，该原理将为视网膜和较高视觉中心以及其他感觉系统中的视觉信息处理的先例设定先例。使用斑块夹记录，将使用孤立的视网膜和视网膜切片研究跨界路径。突触途径将使用药理学激动剂和拮抗剂进行解剖和评估。与先前建立的细胞类型的相关性将通过形态学分析使用细胞内染色和斑块录制神经元的共聚焦显微镜实现。 推扣跨界途径构成了整个视觉系统信号传输和处理的基本范式。对这些电路的透彻理解将有助于我们破译视网膜和较高视觉中心处理视觉信息的策略。这种理解将增强我们诊断视网膜和较高视觉中心，治疗视觉系统疾病的视觉信号处理异常的能力，并设计设计设计以通过假肢设备增强视力的设计。