NEUROMODULATORY PATHWAYS IN THE RETINA

视网膜中的神经调节通路

• 批准号: 3255441
• 负责人: FRANK S WERBLIN
• 金额: $ 13.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1980
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1980-05-01 至 1995-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3255441
• 关键词: GABA receptor; Urodela; acetylcholine; calcium; cone cell; dopamine; electrical potential; electrophysiology; fresh water environment; gamma aminobutyrate; glycine; neural transmission; neurotransmitters; retina; retinal bipolar neuron; rod cell; second messengers; synapses; visual feedback; visual photoreceptor; visual stimulus; voltage /patch clamp

This proposal focusses on providing a description of the components of neural pathways in the retina responsible for the modulation of visual signals. For example, as the outer retina the behavior of cones is modulated by rod activity. Rod and cone signals are modulated by dopamine. Gain between photoreceptors and second order cells is modulated by lateral interactions of unknown path, pharmacology and mechanism. At the inner retina transmission from bipolar to third order cells is modulated by feedback to bipolar cells via unknown pharmacological and functional mechanisms. The technique of patch recording and simultaneous staining in retinal slices provides for the first time a means for defining pathways, determining pharmacology, characterizing receptors, and testing second messenger systems, so that the neuromodulatory pathways can be defined. Synaptic currents can be measured, elicited by puffs of transmitter substances or transretinal current, activating specific synaptic accessible in the slice. Cell membranes can be polarized by steps of voltage in the presence and absence of transmitters and modulators, while isolating their effects upon specific voltage-gated membrane currents. The effects of modulation of release can be measured by recording synaptic inputs from cells postsynaptic to the subject cell thus using the postsynaptic cell as a bioassay for release. The behavior of second messenger systems can be controlled by introducing modulators and blockers into the cytoplasm via the path electrode. With these techniques the source of modulatory signals, their pharmacology, the membrane receptors, the second messenger pathways, and the sites affected by the modulation can be defined. This work is of value in health science because it attempts to define some of the fundamental mechanisms underlying visual functions. Since much of the mechanism is mediated by pharmacology to be defined in these studies, the route for medical treatment will also be clarified. Thus it may be possible to provide a link between retinal function (or dysfunction) and pharmacological intervention.

该提案的重点是提供有关组件的描述 视网膜中的神经途径负责调节视觉 信号。 例如，由于外视网膜的行为是 由杆活性调节。 杆和锥信号由多巴胺调节。 光感受器和二阶细胞之间的增益通过横向调节 未知路径，药理学和机制的相互作用。 在内部 视网膜从双极传输到三阶细胞的传播是由 通过未知药理和功能向双极细胞的反馈 机制。 贴片记录和同时染色的技术 切片首次提供了定义路径的手段 确定药理学，表征受体和测试第二 Messenger系统，以便可以定义神经调节途径。 可以测量突触电流，并通过发射器的泡沫引起 物质或转视电电流，激活特定的突触可访问 在切片中。 细胞膜可以通过电压步骤两极化 发射机和调节器的存在和不存在，同时隔离它们 对特定电压门控膜电流的影响。 效果 可以通过记录从 细胞突触后对主体细胞，因此使用突触后细胞作为 发行的生物测定。 第二使者系统的行为可以是 通过将调节器和阻滞剂引入细胞质通过 路径电极。 使用这些技术，调节信号的来源，它们的药理学， 膜受体，第二信使途径和站点 受调制的影响可以定义。 这项工作对健康很有价值 科学是因为它试图定义一些基本机制 基础视觉功能。 由于许多机制是由 这些研究中要定义的药理学是医学的途径 治疗也将被澄清。 因此，可能有可能提供 视网膜功能（或功能障碍）与药理之间的联系 干涉。