Cross-modal processing and lexical development

跨模态处理和词汇开发

基本信息

批准号：
7929578
负责人：
VLADIMIR M SLOUTSKY
金额：
$ 45.56万
依托单位：
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-09-10 至 2012-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In many situations people have to process simultaneously presented auditory and visual information, and this ability is especially important for lexical development where auditorily presented words often co-occur with visually presented objects and scenes. We argue that processing of cross-modal input depends on two critical parameters: (a) the speed of orienting to a modality relative to the competing modality and (b) the dwell time of attention. We also argue that both parameters undergo developmental change, which results in faster and more efficient processing of cross-modal input. Based on these ideas, we propose a project that (a) estimates the critical parameters of auditory-visual processing (Study 1) and (b) uses these parameters to understand the ability to extract the structure from visual input, such as category learning or learning of correlations (Study 2). The major innovation of the proposed research is the theoretical proposal linking some important aspects of cognitive development to more basic mechanism(s) underlying cross-modal processing. The proposed project has two specific aims. Specific aim 1 is to determine how auditory input affects attention allocated to corresponding visual input and to develop a modality-independent measure capable of examining auditory, visual and cross-modal processing. Specific aim 2 is to directly test the ability of attentional mechanisms underlying crossmodal processing to account for effects of auditory input on the ability to extract statistical structure from visual input. The experiments will be guided by our hypothesis that the attentional mechanism underlying cross-modal processing can account for performance on higher-order cognitive tasks, which require processing of visual structure such as word learning, category learning and learning of multiple contingencies. Each study will include multiple experiments with 8-, 12- and 16-monthold infants and will include a variety of methodologies. The proposed research is important because it will generate new knowledge affecting our understanding of the development of attention and its role in cross-modal processing, thus revealing some basic mechanisms of early lexical and cognitive development. This knowledge may also have broader impact on the clinical community by elucidating factors underlying Specific Language Impairments (SLI).

在许多情况下，人们必须同时处理听觉和视觉信息，这种能力对于词汇开发尤其重要呈现的单词通常与视觉上呈现的对象和场景共同发生。我们争论跨模式输入的处理取决于两个关键参数：（a）定向速度相对于竞争方式和（b）关注时间的方式。我们也认为这两个参数都经历了发展变化，这会导致更快，更有效跨模式输入的处理。基于这些想法，我们提出了一个项目，该项目（a）估计听觉 - 视觉处理的关键参数（研究1）和（b）使用这些参数了解从视觉输入中提取结构的能力，例如类别学习或相关性学习（研究2）。拟议研究的主要创新是理论提案将认知发展的某些重要方面与更基本的机制联系起来基础跨模式处理。拟议的项目有两个具体的目标。具体目标1是确定听觉输入如何影响分配给相应的视觉输入的注意力和开发一种独立于模态的措施，能够检查听觉，视觉和跨模式加工。具体目标2是直接测试跨模式下的注意机制的能力处理以说明听觉输入对提取统计结构能力的影响从视觉输入。实验将由我们的假设指导，即注意机制基础跨模式处理可以说明高阶认知任务的性能，需要处理视觉结构，例如单词学习，类别学习和学习多个意外事件。每项研究都将包括8个，12个月和16个月的多个实验婴儿，将包括各种方法。拟议的研究很重要因为它将产生新知识，影响我们对发展的理解注意及其在跨模式加工中的作用，从而揭示了早期的一些基本机制词汇和认知发展。这些知识也可能对临床产生更大的影响通过阐明特定语言障碍（SLI）的基本因素的社区。