The Development of Categorization

分类的发展

• 批准号: 8896835
• 负责人: VLADIMIR M SLOUTSKY
• 金额: $ 31.16万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8896835
• 关键词: 8 year old; Accounting; Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral Paradigm; Birth; Canis familiaris; Categories; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Exhibits; Eye; Goals; Health; Human; Infant; Intelligence; Knowledge; Language; Laws; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Motor Skills; Pattern; Process; Research; Series; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Time; Williams Syndrome; abstracting; base; cognitive development; design; developmental disease; early childhood; infancy; interest; member; neuromechanism; novel; research study; selective attention; statistics; theories; word learning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project is designed to advance our understanding of the development and mechanism of categorization - a fundamental component of human intelligence. The proposed research is based on the hypothesis of multiple mechanisms sub-serving category learning: (a) an early developing mechanism that is based on distributed attention and learning of within-category statistics and (b) later developing mechanism that is based on selective attention to category-relevant information. To test these hypotheses, we will conduct a series of experiments with 8-20 month-old infants, 3-8 year-old children, and adults. The proposed project has the following Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1 is to examine developmental changes in category learning in infancy and early childhood. To achieve this aim, we will create category structures that can be learned by either distributed or selective attention, with each pattern of learning resulting in different category representation. By focusin on attention during category learning and on patterns of generalization, we will infer how categories are learned and represented. By comparing category learning and representation across ages under the same task and by manipulating the category structure we will infer how category learning changes with development. Specific Aim 2 is to link the development of selective attention with the development of category learning. To achieve this aim will measure selective attention independently of category learning and will link variability in selective attention with variability of learning category structures that require focused attention. The proposed project will elucidate the development and mechanism of categorization - one of the most critical components of cognitive development. In addition to contributing to our understanding of typical cognitive development, these answers may also contribute to the early diagnostics and treatment of several intellectual disorders, such as autism and Williams syndrome.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的项目旨在促进我们对分类的发展和机制的理解 - 人类智能的基本组成部分。拟议的研究基于多种机制子服务类别学习的假设：（a）一种基于分布式注意力和对类别内统计的分布的早期发展机制，以及（b）后来开发基于选择性关注类别相关信息的机制。为了检验这些假设，我们将对8-20个月大的婴儿，3-8岁的儿童和成人进行一系列实验。拟议的项目具有以下特定目标。具体目的1是检查婴儿期和幼儿期类别学习的发展变化。为了实现这一目标，我们将创建可以通过分布式或选择性学习的类别结构 注意，每种学习模式都会导致不同的类别表示。通过将注意力集中在类别学习和泛化模式中，我们将推断出类别的学习和代表。通过在相同的任务下和操纵类别结构下，通过比较跨年龄的类别学习和表示，我们将推断类别学习如何随发展而变化。具体目标2是将选择性关注的发展与类别学习的发展联系起来。为了实现此目标，将独立于类别学习的选择性衡量选择性关注，并将选择性关注的变异性与需要集中注意力的学习类别结构的变异性联系起来。拟议的项目将阐明分类的发展和机制，这是认知发展的最关键组成部分之一。除了有助于我们对典型认知发展的理解之外，这些答案还可能有助于早期诊断和治疗多种智力障碍，例如自闭症和威廉姆斯综合症。