Adolescents' Exposure to Family and Community Violence

青少年遭受家庭和社区暴力的情况

基本信息

批准号：
7586837
负责人：
GAYLA MARGOLIN
金额：
$ 40.97万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-06-13 至 2012-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7586837
关键词：
Academic achievement Accounting Adolescence Adolescent Adrenal Glands Affect Age Aggressive behavior Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Symptoms Biological Child Child Behavior Communication Communities Conflict (Psychology)Data Data Collection Development Empathy Environment Exposure to Family Family Process Fathers Feedback Figs - dietary Growth Health Hydrocortisone Hypothalamic structure Intervention Investigation Lead Least-Squares Analysis Measures Mediating Mediation Mediator of activation protein Modeling Nature Outcome Parents Pathway interactions Performance Pituitary Gland Prevention program Psychological adjustment Recovery Reporter Reporting Research Personnel Risk Role Running Sampling Schools Solid Staging Stress System Testing Time Violence Youth biological adaptation to stress depression design deviant diaries experience high risk high risk behavior hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis marital violence peer preadolescence prospective psychologic response social teenage mother young adult

项目摘要

The objective of this study is to identify mechanisms that explain why some adolescents fare worse than others in response to family and community violence. The study hypothesizes that violence exposure erodes family processes and adolescents' daily experiences, and that these proximal variables account for compromised adolescent functioning. The study provides in-depth perspectives of family processes and ongoing daily experiences through behavioral samples of family and peer interactions, and through 14 days of daily diary data. The study also hypothesizes that violence exposure leads to dysregulated biological stress of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (measured through cortisol), and that violence-exposed youth are primed for HPA activation in response to negative family interactions. This study extends an ongoing investigation involving three previous assessments of marital violence, parent-child aggression, and community violence in an ethnically diverse sample of two-parent families with a child age 9 or 10 when the study began. The proposed project adds three more assessments of these exposure variables, and extends the study from pre-adolescence through late adolescence. Six waves of data collection allow for the study of cascading effects across time, with feedback loops from negative family processes, adolescent daily experiences and adolescent adjustment contributing in a bi-directional fashion to the likelihood of violence. Repeating, detailed assessments of family and community violence allow for testing whether multiple types of violence, violence at an earlier age, and more persistent violence contribute to more pervasive and deleterious outcomes. Adolescence is targeted because of the importance of understanding how the risks associated with violence exposure coincide with the normal challenges at this time, and because adolescents' abilities to successfully negotiate educational, social, and health domains are highly salient to their subsequent physical and psychological adjustment as young adults. The study has multiple reporters (adolescent, mother, father, peer), uses multiples types of data collection, and measures multiple developmental outcomes (behavioral and psychological functioning; aggression toward others; academic achievement; and high-risk, health-compromising behaviors). Through growth curve models estimated using partial least squares latent variable analysis, we examine multiple pathways through which violence exposure influences adolescent outcomes. The focus on proximal, modifiable variables ultimately can be used to inform intervention and prevention programs for adolescents exposed to violence.

本研究的目的是确定一些机制，解释为什么一些青少年在应对家庭和社区暴力方面比其他青少年表现更差。该研究假设，暴力暴露会侵蚀家庭进程和青少年的日常经历，而这些近端变量是青少年功能受损的原因。该研究通过家庭和同伴互动的行为样本以及 14 天的日常日记数据，提供了对家庭过程和持续日常经历的深入视角。该研究还假设，暴力暴露会导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴（通过皮质醇测量）的生物应激失调，并且遭受暴力的青少年很容易激活 HPA，以应对负面的家庭互动。这项研究扩展了一项正在进行的调查，涉及之前对研究开始时孩子年龄为 9 岁或 10 岁的双亲家庭的不同种族样本中的婚姻暴力、亲子攻击和社区暴力进行的三项评估。拟议的项目增加了对这些暴露变量的三项评估，并将研究范围从青春期前延伸到青春期后期。六波数据收集允许研究跨时间的级联效应，负面家庭过程、青少年日常经历和青少年适应的反馈循环以双向方式导致暴力的可能性。对家庭和社区暴力进行重复、详细的评估可以检验多种类型的暴力、较早年龄的暴力和更持久的暴力是否会导致更普遍和有害的结果。青少年之所以成为目标，是因为了解与暴力暴露相关的风险如何与此时的正常挑战相一致非常重要，而且青少年成功协商教育、社会和健康领域的能力对于他们随后的身体和心理调整非常重要作为年轻人。该研究有多个报告者（青少年、母亲、父亲、同伴），使用多种类型的数据收集，并测量多种发展结果（行为和心理功能；对他人的攻击性；学业成就；以及高风险、危害健康的行为）。通过使用偏最小二乘潜变量分析估计的生长曲线模型，我们研究了暴力暴露影响青少年结果的多种途径。最终可以使用对最近的、可修改的变量的关注为遭受暴力的青少年制定干预和预防计划。