Adolescents' Exposure to Family and Community Violence

青少年遭受家庭和社区暴力的情况

• 批准号: 7540227
• 负责人: GAYLA MARGOLIN
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-13 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7540227
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Affect; Age; Aggressive behavior; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Biological; Child; Child Behavior; Communication; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Daily; Data; Data Collection; Depth; Development; Empathy; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Family Process; Fathers; Feedback; Figs - dietary; Growth; Health; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Intervention; Investigation; Lead; Least-Squares Analysis; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Modeling; Nature; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pituitary Gland; Pre-study; Prevention program; Psychological adjustment; Recovery; Reporter; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Running; Sampling; Schools; Solid; Staging; Stress; System; Testing; Time; Violence; Youth; biological adaptation to stress; design; deviant; diaries; experience; high risk behavior; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; marital violence; peer; preadolescence; prospective; psychologic; response; social; teenage mother; young adult

The objective of this study is to identify mechanisms that explain why some adolescents fare worse than others in response to family and community violence. The study hypothesizes that violence exposure erodes family processes and adolescents' daily experiences, and that these proximal variables account for compromised adolescent functioning. The study provides in-depth perspectives of family processes and ongoing daily experiences through behavioral samples of family and peer interactions, and through 14days of daily diary data. The study also hypothesizes that violence exposure leads to dysregulated biological stress of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (measured through cortisol), and that violence- exposed youth are primed for HPA activation in response to negative family interactions. This study extends an ongoing investigation involving three previous assessments of marital violence, parent-child aggression, and community violence in an ethnically diverse sample of two-parent families with a child age 9 or 10when the study began. The proposed project adds three more assessments of these exposure variables, and extends the study from pre-adolescence through late adolescence. Six waves of data collection allow for the study of cascading effects across time, with feedback loops from negative family processes, adolescent daily experiences and adolescent adjustment contributing in a bi-directional fashion to the likelihood of violence. Repeating, detailed assessments of family and community violence allow for testing whether multiple types of violence, violence at an earlier age, and more persistent violence contribute to more pervasive and deleterious outcomes. Adolescence is targeted because of the importance of understanding how the risks associated with violence exposure coincide with the normal challenges at this time, and because adolescents' abilities to successfully negotiate educational, social, and health domains are highly salient to their subsequent physical and psychological adjustment as young adults. The study has multiple reporters (adolescent, mother, father, peer), uses multiples types of data collection, and measures multiple developmental outcomes (behavioral and psychological functioning; aggression toward others; academic achievement; and high-risk, health-compromising behaviors). Through growth curve models estimated using partial least squares latent variable analysis, we examine multiple pathwaysthrough which violence exposure influences adolescent outcomes. The focus on proximal, modifiable variables ultimately can be used to inform intervention and prevention programs for adolescents exposed to violence.

这项研究的目的是确定解释为什么某些青少年比 其他人应对家庭和社区暴力。该研究假设暴力暴露侵蚀 家庭过程和青少年的日常经历，这些近端变量解释了 受损的青少年功能。该研究提供了家庭流程的深入观点和 通过家庭和同伴互动的行为样本以及14天的行为样本进行持续的日常体验 每日日记数据。该研究还假设暴力暴露导致生物学失调 下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴（通过皮质醇测量）的应力，暴力 - 暴露的青少年因响应负面家庭相互作用而进行HPA激活。这项研究延伸 正在进行的调查，涉及先前三项对婚姻暴力，亲子侵略的评估， 以及在族裔多样化的两个父母家庭中，有9岁或10岁的两个父母家庭的暴力行为 研究开始了。拟议的项目增加了对这些暴露变量的三个评估，以及 将研究从青春期前的研究扩展到青春期。六波数据收集允许 研究跨时间的级联效应的研究，从负面的家庭过程，青少年的反馈回路 日常体验和青少年调整以双向方式促进 暴力。重复对家庭和社区暴力的详细评估允许测试是否是否 多种类型的暴力，早年的暴力行为以及更多持续的暴力行为有助于更多 普遍和有害的结果。青春期是针对性的，因为理解的重要性 与暴力暴露相关的风险与此时的正常挑战相吻合，以及 因为青少年成功谈判教育，社会和健康领域的能力很高 与年轻人一样，他们随后的身体和心理调整很重要。该研究有多个 记者（青少年，母亲，父亲，同伴）使用倍数收集的类型，并测量多个 发展成果（行为和心理功能；对他人的侵略；学术 成就;和高风险，健康促进的行为）。通过使用的生长曲线模型估计 部分最小二乘潜在变量分析，我们通过暴力检查多个途径 暴露会影响青少年结果。最终可以使用对近端，可修改变量的关注 为暴力暴力的青少年提供干预和预防计划。