Infectious Diseases in Africa: Correlates of Protection, Lessons from Vaccines and Natural Infection Studies

非洲传染病：保护的相关性、疫苗的经验教训和自然感染研究

• 批准号: 10361465
• 负责人: Guido Ferrari
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-03 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10361465
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Academy; Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Area; Back; Basic Science; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Child; Clinical; Clinical Data; Clinical Immunology; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Country; Development; Disease; E-learning; Economics; Educational process of instructing; Epidemic; European Economic Community; Event; Exercise; Face; Faculty; Foundations; Funding; Future; Future Teacher; Grant; Guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV vaccine; HIV-1; HIV-1 vaccine; HIV/TB; Human; Iatrogenesis; Immunity; Immunology; Incidence; Incubators; Infection; International Agencies; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Leadership; Learning; Malaria; Malaria Vaccines; Mentorship; Monitoring Clinical Trials; New York; Outcome; Participant; Passive Immunization; Patients; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Process; Regimen; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Risk; Role; Science; Scientist; Series; South Africa; Students; System; Systems Biology; Thinking; Time; Training; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis Vaccines; United States National Institutes of Health; Vaccine Clinical Trial; Vaccine Design; Vaccines; World Health Organization; Writing; age group; antiretroviral therapy; base; clinical practice; co-infection; comorbidity; cost; design; efficacy clinical trial; efficacy evaluation; experience; human capital; innovation; knowledge base; malaria infection; malaria transmission; meetings; novel; novel vaccines; pathogen; prevent; scientific literacy; success; symposium; teacher mentor; tool; vaccine development; vaccine efficacy; vaccine strategy; vaccine trial

Abstract. The huge burden of communicable diseases on the African continent is largely made up of HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The trio of diseases alone is creating societal and economic instability in most African countries across all age groups, and particularly in children. Most recent UNAIDS estimates of the global burden of HIV are that 36.9 million people are currently living with HIV-1 infection and 25.6 million of them reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The implementation of anti-retroviral therapy of HIV- 1 infected people, which are necessary short-term solutions, comes with complications of costs and iatrogenic effects of drugs, and is not a long-term solution to stop the epidemic in SSA. HIV prevention remains critical to turn the tide of HIV infections and an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is desperately needed. Two vaccine clinical trials have recently started in SSA along with a passive immunization study to evaluate the efficacy of each regimen in conferring protection from infection. To discuss the current knowledge on correlates of protection observed in human vaccine studies will be a timely topic for the young African investigators. Similarly, continuous efforts are required to develop vaccines that would mitigate HIV-1 co-morbidities of TB and malaria. In 2015, the Office of AIDS Research announced priority areas of investigations into reducing the incidence of HIV, including the development of safe and effective HIV vaccines and research training of the workforce (NOT-OD-15-137; http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-15-137.html). In this application, we propose to train young scientists in Africa to fill the gap in ongoing efforts to build scientific literacy on the Continent and to enhance the ability to perform immunology research. As the NIH is sponsoring several basic research projects as well as clinical vaccine trials in Africa, we believe that the proposed Infectious Disease in Africa symposia will lead to increased scientific knowledge and will help build future scientific leaders on the Continent. On the back of two rounds of 3-year funding (and 6 IDA symposia), we now propose a further set of symposia, where the overarching aims are: 1) to provide cutting- edge knowledge in the fields of HIV vaccine development and related aspects of malaria and TB; and 2) To enable scientific thinking and leadership of young scientists on the African Continent. We are proposing a set of three IDA symposia that will take place in Cape Town, South Africa and we will focus on specific topics for each meeting. In the first IDA symposium, we will focus on “Novel observations on correlates of vaccine protection from HIV-1, TB, and Malaria: a systems immunology approach to vaccine development”. With our prior experience, we have developed a unique approach of student:teacher mentorship which involves a blend of on-line learning and contact time focused on round- table discussions. !

抽象的。 非洲大陆传染病的巨大负担主要是艾滋病毒、 仅结核病和疟疾这三种疾病就造成了大多数国家的社会和经济不稳定。 非洲国家各个年龄段，特别是儿童。联合国艾滋病规划署的最新估计。 全球艾滋病毒负担是目前有 3690 万人感染 HIV-1，25.6 其中 100 万人居住在撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA)。 1 感染者，这是必要的短期解决方案，伴随着成本和费用的复杂化 药物的医源性影响，并不是预防 SSA 流行的长期解决方案。 对于扭转 HIV 感染趋势仍然至关重要，并且迫切需要一种有效的 HIV-1 疫苗 最近在 SSA 开始了两项疫苗临床试验以及一项被动免疫研究。 评估每种方案在预防感染方面的功效，讨论当前的情况。 关于人类疫苗研究中观察到的保护相关性的知识将是一个及时的主题 同样，需要不断努力开发能够实现这一目标的疫苗。 2015 年，艾滋病研究办公室宣布优先考虑减轻 HIV-1 与结核病和疟疾的合并症。 减少艾滋病毒发病率的调查领域，包括开发安全有效的 HIV 疫苗和劳动力研究培训（NOT-OD-15-137； http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-15-137.html 在此申请中，我们建议： 培训非洲的年轻科学家，以填补当前在非洲建立科学素养的努力中的空白 大陆并提高进行免疫学研究的能力，因为 NIH 正在赞助。 非洲的一些基础研究项目以及临床疫苗试验，我们认为拟议的 非洲传染病研讨会将增加科学知识并有助于建设未来 在两轮为期 3 年的资助（以及 6 届 IDA 研讨会）的支持下， 我们现在提议召开进一步的研讨会，其总体目标是：1）提供切割- 艾滋病毒疫苗开发以及疟疾和结核病相关方面的前沿知识； 2) 促进非洲大陆年轻科学家的科学思维和领导力。 我们提议在南非开普敦举办三场 IDA 研讨会 每次会议都会重点讨论特定主题 在第一届IDA研讨会上，我们将重点关注“Novel”。 HIV-1、结核病和疟疾疫苗保护相关性的观察：系统免疫学 凭借我们之前的经验，我们开发了一种独特的方法： 学生：老师指导，包括在线学习和重点轮流接触时间的结合 桌上讨论。 ！