Metaphor Training Program

隐喻培训计划

• 批准号: 7671266
• 负责人: HIRAM H BROWNELL
• 金额: $ 26.85万
• 依托单位: BOSTON COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7671266
• 关键词: Academy; Address; Affect; Aphasia Tests; Bilateral; Brain Injuries; Cereals; Characteristics; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive remediation; Communication; Communication impairment; Comprehension; Effectiveness; Elements; Etiology; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Goals; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Injury; Intervention; Judgment; Language; Learning; Lesion; Life; Literature; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Metaphor; Moods; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Neurologic; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Patients; Performance; Process; Protocols documentation; Quail; Quality of life; Research Personnel; Review Literature; Right cerebral hemisphere; Science; Semantics; Services; Severities; Short-Term Memory; Socialization; Specificity; Stroke; Survivors; TBI Patients; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic; Thinking; Time; Training; Training Programs; Traumatic Brain Injury; Variant; aphasic; base; design; evidence based guidelines; executive function; follow-up; improved; innovation; novel; prevent; programs; remediation; response; right hemisphere brain damage; standard measure; tool; training project; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses an important gap in the clinical literature: the dearth of tools for remediation of the communication deficits associated with brain damage caused by stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere and by traumatic brain injury. While not typically aphasic as measured by standard aphasia test batteries, many patients with these types of injury exhibit a range of communication impairments with non literal language that impact their lives in negative ways. The tasks comprising the training program are motivated by a theoretical analysis of the neuropsychology of metaphor comprehension deficits and related topics. One notion is that damage to right posterior regions limits a patient's ability to process connotative associations between words. A second notion is that damage to right frontal and bilateral prefrontal regions can affect working memory and a patient's ability to review information and to select a most relevant alternative from a set. The training is based on a simple mode of representing semantic relations in words and narratives, Thinking Maps, that has been used extensively with children. Thinking Maps explicitly list the semantic features or associations shared between words that provide potential bases for metaphors. Thinking Maps make available the ingredients of metaphor in concrete form for practice and review. The protocol, which is based on single subject experimental design, is designed to evaluate and remediate: 1) difficulty generating appropriate associations to words; 2) difficulty evaluating connotative shared meaning; and 3) difficulty selecting from among alternative interpretations. Each patient is expected to progress through the program spending more time on some tasks and less time on others as a function of that patient's specific profile of cognitive impairment. The protocol will examine what specifically changes during training and the impact of the intensity of training on the duration and generalizability of gains. In addition, the protocol will assess the fading of treatment gains over time and will explore approaches to slowing or preventing that decline!

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目解决了临床文献中的一个重要差距：修复与右脑半球中风引起的脑损伤相关的沟通缺陷的工具的缺乏，以及脑部受伤性脑损伤。虽然通常不会通过标准失语症测试电池来衡量的失败，但许多此类伤害的患者表现出一系列具有非文字语言的沟通障碍，以负面的方式影响他们的生活。包括培训计划的任务是由对隐喻理解缺陷和相关主题的神经心理学的理论分析进行的。一个概念是，对右后区域的损害限制了患者处理单词之间的内含性关联的能力。第二个概念是，右额叶和双侧前额叶区域的损害可能会影响工作记忆以及患者查看信息并从集合中选择最相关的替代方案的能力。该培训是基于一种简单的模式，即在文字和叙事，思维地图中代表语义关系，并已与孩子广泛使用。思考图明确列出了提供隐喻潜在基础的单词之间共享的语义特征或关联。思考地图使隐喻形式的隐喻成分可供实践和审查。该协议基于单个主题实验设计，旨在评估和补充：1）难以与单词产生适当的关联； 2）难以评估含义共同的含义； 3）难以在替代解释之间选择。预计每个患者将通过该计划进行更多的时间在某些任务上花费更多的时间，而在其他任务上的时间更少，因为该患者对认知障碍的特定概况的函数。该协议将检查训练期间的特殊变化以及训练强度对收益持续时间和普遍性的影响。此外，该方案将随着时间的流逝评估治疗收益的褪色，并将探索减慢或防止这种下降的方法！