THEORY OF MIND DEFICITS IN ADULT STROKE PATIENTS

成人中风患者的心智缺陷理论

• 批准号: 3414336
• 负责人: HIRAM H BROWNELL
• 金额: $ 10.25万
• 依托单位: BOSTON COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-05-01 至 1994-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3414336
• 关键词: attention; brain interhemispheric activity; chronic brain damage; communication behavior; communication disorders; emotions; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; information theory; language; memory; neuropsychology; performance; social behavior; stimulus /response; stroke

We propose a program of research to test an explanation for the discourse impairments exhibited by stroke patients, especially those with right hemisphere brain damage. The main theme of this project is what has been termed a person's "theory of mind," i.e., his or her ability to infer and understand what beliefs, emotions, and motivations are in someone else's mind. The ability to attribute accurately mental states to other people plays a critical role in communication. For example, listeners need to infer speakers' beliefs and intentions in order to determine whether a nonveridical utterance (one that is not literally true) is an honest error, a deliberate lie, or an attempt at joking, teasing, or irony. That is, a speaker who states that the weather is great when it is raining may not know it is raining (an error), may know it's raining buy wants to deceive the listener (a lie), or may be joking about the weather (irony). Similarly, speakers need to infer what their listeners do and do not know in order to make their utterances informative and relevant: When asked what one is reading, it is not informative to reply "a book," since the speaker already knows this much. A relation between the ability to infer mental states and discourse ability has already been established in both normal and in autistic children. The proposed research has two major goals. First, we assess the abilities of both anterior and posterior groups of unilaterally right and left hemisphere damaged stroke patients to understand beliefs (which are nonobservable, mental, representational states) extends to other nonobservable states (e.g., hunger) and to nonmental representations (e.g., photographs), or reflects a selective deficit limited to understanding mental, representational states. Second, we test whether theory of mind deficits predict patients' performance in a range of discourse tasks. Some of these tasks require interpretation of nonveridical utterances as lies, mistakes, or irony, in which it is particularly critical to infer speakers' beliefs and intentions. Other tasks test subjects' abilities to adjust the form of literal utterances to reflect what a listener knows and does not know. The proposed research will be presented as a battery of tasks such that (with two exceptions explained in the text all subjects will participate in all tasks. the results of this project should provide a theoretical account of communication deficits that often characterize right hemisphere damaged patients and that can severely limit their long-term success in social and familial settings. This work may also shed more light on the surprisingly preserved discourse comprehension of left hemisphere damaged, aphasic patients.

我们提出了一项研究计划，以测试有关话语的解释 中风患者表现出的障碍，尤其是那些 半球脑损伤。 该项目的主题是 称一个人的“心理理论”，即他或她的推断能力 了解其他人的信念，情感和动机 头脑。 将精神状态准确归因于他人的能力 在沟通中起着至关重要的作用。 例如，听众需要 推断说话者的信念和意图，以确定是否是否 非挥舞性话（从字面上不正确）是一个诚实的错误， 故意的谎言，或试图开玩笑，取笑或讽刺。 也就是说， 说话者说，天气在下雨时很棒 知道正在下雨（错误），可能知道正在下雨的买东西想欺骗 听众（谎言），或者可能在开玩笑（讽刺）。 同样，演讲者需要推断听众的所作所为，也不知道 为了使他们的话语提供信息和相关性：当询问时 正在阅读什么，回答“书”是没有信息的，因为 演讲者已经知道很多。 推断能力之间的关系 精神状态和话语能力已经在两者中建立 正常和自闭症儿童。 拟议的研究有两个主要 目标。 首先，我们评估前后的能力 单侧右侧和左半球损坏的中风患者 了解信念（不可观察，心理，代表性 状态）扩展到其他不可观察的状态（例如，饥饿）和 非精神表示（例如照片）或反映选择性 赤字仅限于理解心理，代表性状态。 第二， 我们测试心理缺陷理论是否可以预测患者在 话语任务范围。 其中一些任务需要解释 非挥舞式的话语是谎言，错误或讽刺性的话 推断说话者的信念和意图特别重要。 其他 任务测试对象的能力调整字面话语的形式 反映听众知道和不知道的内容。 拟议的研究 将作为一系列任务提出（除两个例外 在文本中解释了所有主题将参与所有任务。 这 该项目的结果应提供理论上的说明 经常表征正确半球的沟通不足 病人，这可能严重限制了他们在社会上的长期成功和 家族环境。 这项工作也可能令人惊讶 保留的话语理解左半球损坏，失语 患者。