2019 Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes GRC and GRS

2019 神经嵴和颅板 GRC 和 GRS

基本信息

批准号：
9988072
负责人：
Paul Trainor
金额：
$ 0.8万
依托单位：
GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-20 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9988072
关键词：
Adrenal Glands Afferent Neurons Amphibia Anosmia Anterior Pituitary Gland Area Biological Models Cartilage Cells Cephalic Chromaffin Cells Ciliary Muscle Clinical Cochlea Collaborations Communities Congenital Abnormality Congenital Megacolon Corneal Endothelium Craniofacial Abnormalities Crystalline Lens Data Defect Development Developmental Process Disease Drug Screening Embryonic Structures Endocrine Ensure Enteral Enteric Nervous System Epithelial Equilibrium Europe Evolution Eye Faculty Fertility Fishes Fostering Future Gender Gonadotropin Hormone Releasing Hormone Hair Cells Hearing Heart Abnormalities Heart Septum Homeostasis Hour Human Hypopituitarism Hypothalamic structure Infertility International Kallmann Syndrome Labyrinth Learning Malignant Neoplasms Mentors Mentorship Mesenchymal Minority Modeling Morphogenesis Natural regeneration Neural Crest Neural Crest Cell Neuroblastoma Neuroglia Neurons Odontoblasts Olfactory Epithelium Organ Organogenesis Pattern Peripheral Pharmaceutical Preparations Pigments Policies Population Postdoctoral Fellow Puberty Regenerative Medicine Research Research Personnel Running Scientist Senior Scientist Sense Organs Stem cells Stria Vascularis System Taste Buds Time Tissues Tooth structure Underrepresented Minority Vertebrates Visceral Woman Work base blastomere structure bone career cell type clinically relevant clinically significant commune congenital deafness craniofacial design disability field study graduate student human stem cells informal atmosphere lateral line meetings melanocyte melanoma migration nervous system disorder neural plate novel strategies ototoxicity peer networks posters somatosensory supportive environment symposium tumor progression

项目摘要

Project Summary The neural crest and cranial placodes are transient embryonic structures derived from adjacent ectodermal domains at the neural plate border, which undergo extensive migration and/or morphogenetic changes and contribute to an extraordinary array of cell types essential for human form and function. Their evolution and elaboration are thought to have been critical for the evolution and diversification of vertebrates. Neural crest cells give rise to all peripheral glia, all peripheral autonomic and enteric neurons and most peripheral somatosensory neurons, as well as adrenal chromaffin cells, pigment cells, craniofacial cartilages and bones, the dentine-producing odontoblasts of teeth, the aorticopulmonary septum of the heart, and the ciliary muscles and corneal endothelium of the eye. Neural crest defects underlie, for example, many congenital craniofacial anomalies and heart defects, and enteric nervous system disorders such as Hirschsprung disease. The reactivation of developmental processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition is important for cancer progression; indeed, some of the most aggressive cancers, including melanoma and neuroblastoma, arise from neural crest-derived cells. Placodes form the paired peripheral sense organs (the olfactory epithelia, the inner ears and the lateral line system of fishes and amphibians, including their afferent neurons, plus the eye lenses), as well as afferent neurons for taste-buds and the visceral organs, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons (required for fertility, since they trigger puberty) and the endocrine anterior pituitary gland, essential for homeostasis. The clinical significance of cranial placodes includes congenital deafness, congenital hypopituitarism, and the combined anosmia and infertility of Kallmann syndrome, while the fish lateral line is a model for hair cell development, regeneration, and screening for drugs that protect against ototoxic drugs. Recent advances in generating both neural crest and placode derivatives from human stem cells are highly promising avenues for future approaches to regenerative medicine. The Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes Gordon Research Conference and the associated trainee-organized Gordon Research Seminar aim to bring together diverse scientists from across the spectrum of this broad research field, using a variety of model systems, in order to exchange unpublished data and novel approaches, form new collaborations, and mentor junior scientists, in an informal, supportive environment. Sessions are designed to promote interaction between scientists focused on basic mechanisms and those with a direct clinical focus: they run the gamut from early stages in neural crest and placode formation, cell potential and fate choice, tissue interactions, morphogenesis and organogenesis, migration and patterning, to birth defects and disease, stem cells and regenerative medicine.

项目概要神经嵴和颅板是源自邻近外胚层的短暂胚胎结构神经板边界的区域，经历广泛的迁移和/或形态发生变化，有助于形成一系列对人类形态和功能至关重要的细胞类型。他们的演变和人们认为精细化对于脊椎动物的进化和多样化至关重要。神经嵴细胞产生所有外周神经胶质细胞、所有外周自主神经元和肠神经元以及大多数周围体感神经元，以及肾上腺嗜铬细胞、色素细胞、颅面软骨和骨骼、牙齿中产生牙本质的成牙本质细胞、心脏的主动脉肺隔以及眼睛的睫状肌和角膜内皮。神经嵴缺陷是许多疾病的根源先天性颅面畸形和心脏缺陷，以及肠神经系统疾病，例如先天性巨结肠症。上皮间质转化等发育过程的重新激活对癌症进展很重要；事实上，一些最具侵袭性的癌症，包括黑色素瘤和神经母细胞瘤，由神经嵴衍生细胞产生。基板形成成对的外周感觉器官（鱼类和两栖动物的嗅上皮、内耳和侧线系统，包括它们的传入神经神经元，加上眼睛晶状体），以及味蕾和内脏器官的传入神经元，下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素神经元（生育所需，因为它们触发青春期）和内分泌垂体前叶，对于体内平衡至关重要。颅板的临床意义包括先天性耳聋、先天性垂体功能低下以及卡尔曼合并嗅觉丧失和不育症综合征，而鱼侧线是毛细胞发育、再生和药物筛选的模型防止耳毒性药物的侵害。生成神经嵴和基板导数的最新进展来自人类干细胞的细胞是未来再生医学方法非常有前途的途径。神经嵴和颅板戈登研究会议及相关实习生组织戈登研究研讨会旨在将来自这一广泛领域的不同科学家聚集在一起研究领域，使用各种模型系统，以交换未发表的数据和新颖的方法，在非正式的支持性环境中形成新的合作并指导初级科学家。会议是旨在促进专注于基本机制的科学家和具有直接研究基础的科学家之间的互动临床重点：它们从神经嵴和基板形成的早期阶段、细胞电位和命运选择、组织相互作用、形态发生和器官发生、迁移和模式形成、出生缺陷以及疾病、干细胞和再生医学。