Migration to Urban Slums, Sexual Networks, and HIV in Ghana

加纳向城市贫民窟的移民、性网络和艾滋病毒

基本信息

批准号：
7840464
负责人：
SUSAN LYNN CASSELS
金额：
$ 8.86万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-09-15 至 2010-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7840464
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV problem Accounting Address African Age Behavior Behavior Therapy Behavioral Biological Biological Markers Characteristics Cities Communicable Diseases Complex Country Couples Data Data Collection Discipline Ego Empirical Research Ensure Epidemic Epidemiology Equilibrium Exhibits Future Ghana Grant HIV HIV Infections Health Helping Behavior High Prevalence Home environment Immigration Individual International Intervention Knowledge Lead Left Life Link Measures Methods Modeling Network-based Nomads Pattern Phase Pilot Projects Play Policies Population Prevalence Prevention Preventive Intervention Public Health Education Questionnaire Designs Recording of previous events Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Research Training Review Literature Risk Role Rural Sampling Sex Behavior Shapes Slum Social Network South Africa Structure Surveys System Testing Time Training Travel Viral Load result Vulnerable Populations Work antiretroviral therapy base career design experience high risk high risk sexual behavior human migration infectious disease model life history mathematical model migration pathogen population migration prevent programs residence retinal rods sex sex risk success theories transmission process trend urban area

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this research is to use dynamic network-based mathematical models of human migration and HIV transmission dynamics for designing and evaluating HIV prevention interventions, such as the message of concurrency. There are three specific aims of this research project. The first aim is to review existing data on migration and HIV in Ghana. This literature review and empirical research will 1) highlight migration patterns and HIV disparities in Ghana 2) emphasize gaps in our knowledge of the complex association between migration and HIV transmission, and 3) reveal the limitations of standard cross- sectional data collection. Thus the second aim of this research is to design and implement a small-scale pilot survey of sexual networks, migration history, and HIV sexual risk behaviors. The PI will also determine the feasibility of collecting HIV biomarkers for HIV for future cross-discipline work. The third aim is to develop a mathematical model based on the network sample in order to quantify the impact of migration on the spread of HIV. This pilot modeling work will be the basis of an R01 application toward the end of the K99/R00 grant cycle. The support of a K99/R00 will enable the PI to engage in substantial public health training (MPH in epidemiology) as well as formal training in infectious disease modeling and social network theory and analysis. The PI has plans for an academic career in global health; therefore, this additional training and experience conducting research in an international setting will help ensure success in this endeavor. Past work has suggested that migrants exhibit riskier sexual behavior than non-migrants and have a higher risk of acquiring HIV; nonetheless, the mechanism in which migration may enhance HIV spread is unclear. This work hypothesizes that migration may significantly enhance HIV transmission because 1) migration changes the timing and sequence of partnership formation and duration which promotes concurrency, and 2) concurrency links individuals together to create large connected "components" in a network that allow a pathogen to travel rapidly and efficiently. Restricting people from moving is not a viable HIV prevention intervention, but messages of behavioral change (i.e. one partner at a time) and earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce infectiousness for migrants are practical policies to prevent additional HIV infections.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的长期目标是使用基于动态网络的人类迁移和HIV传播动态的数学模型来设计和评估HIV预防干预措施，例如并发信息。该研究项目有三个特定的目标。第一个目的是审查有关加纳迁移和艾滋病毒的现有数据。这项文献综述和实证研究将1）强调加纳的迁移模式和艾滋病毒差异2）强调我们对迁移和艾滋病毒传播之间复杂关联的知识中的差距，3）揭示了标准横断数据收集的局限性。因此，这项研究的第二个目的是设计和实施对性网络，移民历史和HIV性风险行为的小规模试点调查。 PI还将确定为未来跨学科工作收集HIV的HIV生物标志物的可行性。第三个目的是基于网络样本开发数学模型，以量化迁移对HIV传播的影响。这项试验建模工作将是在K99/R00赠款周期结束时R01应用程序的基础。 K99/R00的支持将使PI能够进行大量的公共卫生培训（流行病学中的MPH）以及传染病建模和社交网络理论和分析方面的正式培训。 PI计划在全球健康方面拥有学术生涯；因此，在国际环境中进行研究的额外培训和经验将有助于确保在这项工作中取得成功。过去的工作表明，移民比非移民表现出更风险的性行为，并且获得艾滋病毒的风险更高。但是，迁移可能增强HIV传播的机制尚不清楚。这项工作假设迁移可能会显着增强HIV传播，因为1）迁移会改变促进并发的伙伴关系形成和持续时间的时间和顺序，以及2）并发将个体连接在一起，以在网络中创建大型连接的“组件”，从而使病原体可以快速行进并有效地旅行。限制人们移动不是一种可行的艾滋病毒预防干预措施，而是行为改变的信息（即一次伴侣）和更早的抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）来减少移民的感染性，这是防止其他艾滋病毒感染的实际政策。