Migration to Urban Slums, Sexual Networks, and HIV in Ghana

加纳向城市贫民窟的移民、性网络和艾滋病毒

• 批准号: 7531983
• 负责人: SUSAN LYNN CASSELS
• 金额: $ 8.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7531983
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Address; African; Age; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Characteristics; Cities; Communicable Diseases; Complex; Country; Couples; Data; Data Collection; Discipline; Ego; Empirical Research; Ensure; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Future; Ghana; Grant; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Helping Behavior; High Prevalence; Home environment; Immigration; Individual; International; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Left; Life; Link; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Network-based; Nomads; Pattern; Phase; Pilot Projects; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention intervention; Public Health Education; Questionnaire Designs; Rate; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Review Literature; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Rural; Sampling; Sex Behavior; Shapes; Slum; Social Network; South Africa; Standards of Weights and Measures; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Travel; Viral Load result; Vulnerable Populations; Work; antiretroviral therapy; base; career; design; experience; high risk sexual behavior; human migration; infectious disease model; life history; mathematical model; migration; pathogen; population migration; prevent; programs; residence; retinal rods; sex; success; theories; transmission process; trend; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this research is to use dynamic network-based mathematical models of human migration and HIV transmission dynamics for designing and evaluating HIV prevention interventions, such as the message of concurrency. There are three specific aims of this research project. The first aim is to review existing data on migration and HIV in Ghana. This literature review and empirical research will 1) highlight migration patterns and HIV disparities in Ghana 2) emphasize gaps in our knowledge of the complex association between migration and HIV transmission, and 3) reveal the limitations of standard cross- sectional data collection. Thus the second aim of this research is to design and implement a small-scale pilot survey of sexual networks, migration history, and HIV sexual risk behaviors. The PI will also determine the feasibility of collecting HIV biomarkers for HIV for future cross-discipline work. The third aim is to develop a mathematical model based on the network sample in order to quantify the impact of migration on the spread of HIV. This pilot modeling work will be the basis of an R01 application toward the end of the K99/R00 grant cycle. The support of a K99/R00 will enable the PI to engage in substantial public health training (MPH in epidemiology) as well as formal training in infectious disease modeling and social network theory and analysis. The PI has plans for an academic career in global health; therefore, this additional training and experience conducting research in an international setting will help ensure success in this endeavor. Past work has suggested that migrants exhibit riskier sexual behavior than non-migrants and have a higher risk of acquiring HIV; nonetheless, the mechanism in which migration may enhance HIV spread is unclear. This work hypothesizes that migration may significantly enhance HIV transmission because 1) migration changes the timing and sequence of partnership formation and duration which promotes concurrency, and 2) concurrency links individuals together to create large connected "components" in a network that allow a pathogen to travel rapidly and efficiently. Restricting people from moving is not a viable HIV prevention intervention, but messages of behavioral change (i.e. one partner at a time) and earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce infectiousness for migrants are practical policies to prevent additional HIV infections.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的长期目标是使用基于动态网络的人类迁移和艾滋病毒传播动力学数学模型来设计和评估艾滋病毒预防干预措施，例如并发信息。该研究项目有三个具体目标。第一个目标是审查加纳移民和艾滋病毒的现有数据。本文献综述和实证研究将 1) 强调加纳的移民模式和艾滋病毒差异；2) 强调我们对移民与艾滋病毒传播之间复杂关系的认识差距；3) 揭示标准横截面数据收集的局限性。因此，本研究的第二个目标是设计并实施一项关于性网络、移民历史和艾滋病毒性危险行为的小规模试点调查。 PI 还将确定为未来的跨学科工作收集 HIV 生物标志物的可行性。第三个目标是开发一个基于网络样本的数学模型，以量化移民对艾滋病毒传播的影响。这项试点建模工作将成为 K99/R00 资助周期结束时 R01 申请的基础。 K99/R00 的支持将使 PI 能够参与大量的公共卫生培训（流行病学 MPH）以及传染病建模和社交网络理论与分析方面的正式培训。 PI 计划在全球健康领域开展学术生涯；因此，在国际环境中进行研究的额外培训和经验将有助于确保这一努力取得成功。过去的研究表明，移民比非移民表现出更高风险的性行为，并且感染艾滋病毒的风险更高；然而，移民可能促进艾滋病毒传播的机制尚不清楚。这项工作假设迁移可能会显着增强艾滋病毒传播，因为 1) 迁移改变了伙伴关系形成的时间和顺序以及持续时间，从而促进了并发性，2) 并发性将个体连接在一起，在网络中创建大型连接的“组件”，使病原体能够传播快速高效地出行。限制人们流动并不是一种可行的艾滋病毒预防干预措施，但改变行为的信息（即一次一个伴侣）和早期抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）以减少移民的传染性是预防更多艾滋病毒感染的实用政策。