Disparity Processing in Human Visual Cortex

人类视觉皮层的视差处理

• 批准号: 7676662
• 负责人: Suzanne P McKee
• 金额: $ 36.43万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7676662
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Berry; Characteristics; Childhood; Clinical; Coupled; Cues; Data; Depth Perception; Development; Diplopia; Dorsal; Electroencephalography; Esotropia; Esthesia; Eye; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Image; Individual; Lateral; Location; Measurement; Measures; Motion; Neurons; Nose; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pattern; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Research; Source; Stimulus; Strabismus; Stream; Structure; Surface; Techniques; Texture; Treatment Efficacy; Update; Visual; Visual Cortex; Work; area V1; area striata; density; early onset; extrastriate visual cortex; infancy; monocular; neuroadaptation; neuroimaging; novel; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; stereoscopic; ward

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Disparity tuning is a pervasive property of neurons in almost all visual areas in primate cortex. We will use a novel neuroimaging technique to examine the flow of disparity information from V1 to extra- striate areas in human cortex. This technique relies on source localization using high density EEG coupled to structural and functional MRI anatomical measurements. We will measure the neural response to repetitive changes in disparity in four widely separated cortical areas, V1, V3A, V4 and hMT+ - all known to be important in primate disparity processing. Our first aim examines the sensitivity of the cortical response in these four areas to dynamic random dots, modulated by horizontal or by vertical disparity. We will also explore the response to anti-correlated random dots which are known to drive single units in many cortical areas. Our second aim evaluates the contribution of disparity-modulation to surface segmentation. We will compare the response patterns produced by monocularly modulated changes in figure-ground segmentation to those generated by disparity modulated changes in figure-ground segmentation. Our third aim explores how the loss of stereopsis affects the cortical responses of the strabismic observer. We will specifically look for the cortical locus of strabismic suppression, as well as for the locus of the motion asymmetry that is a defining characteristic of infantile esotropia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Strabismus is a developmental abnormality that affects 3 - 5% of the population, resulting in the loss of stereopsis. The proposed research will measure the cortical response associated with two anomalies of strabismus: strabismic suppression and the motion asymmetry previously observed in VEP measurements. The motion asymmetry is a useful marker for judging the efficacy of treatment, particularly surgery, so understanding its cortical origin will enhance its utility.

描述（由申请人提供）：视差调节是灵长类动物皮层几乎所有视觉区域神经元的普遍特性。我们将使用一种新颖的神经影像技术来检查从 V1 到人类皮层纹状外区域的视差信息流。该技术依赖于使用高密度脑电图与结构和功能 MRI 解剖测量相结合的源定位。我们将测量四个广泛分离的皮质区域（V1、V3A、V4 和 hMT+）对视差重复变化的神经反应——所有这些区域都在灵长类视差处理中很重要。我们的第一个目标是检查这四个区域的皮质响应对由水平或垂直差异调节的动态随机点的敏感性。我们还将探索对反相关随机点的响应，这些随机点已知会驱动许多皮质区域中的单个单元。我们的第二个目标评估视差调制对表面分割的贡献。我们将比较图形-背景分割中单眼调制变化产生的响应模式与图形-背景分割中视差调制变化产生的响应模式。我们的第三个目标是探索立体视觉的丧失如何影响斜视观察者的皮质反应。我们将专门寻找斜视抑制的皮质轨迹，以及作为婴儿内斜视的定义特征的运动不对称轨迹。公众健康相关性 斜视是一种发育异常，影响 3 - 5% 的人口，导致立体视觉丧失。拟议的研究将测量与两种斜视异常相关的皮质反应：斜视抑制和先前在 VEP 测量中观察到的运动不对称。运动不对称性是判断治疗（尤其是手术）疗效的有用标志，因此了解其皮质起源将增强其实用性。