Olfactory and behavioral responses of kissing bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae), vec

接吻虫（Reduviidae：Triatominae）的嗅觉和行为反应，vec

• 批准号: 7450976
• 负责人: JOHN G HILDEBRAND
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-08 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7450976
• 关键词: Affect; Americas; Animals; Arts; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Biological Assay; Blood; Blood Banks; Brain; Canis familiaris; Chagas Disease; Chemicals; Chickens; Chronic; Country; Coupled; Cues; Detection; Development; Disease; Disease Vectors; Domiciles; Gas Chromatography; Housing; Human; Infection; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Insecticides; Interruption; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Lobe; Mass Fragmentography; Measures; Methods; Mexico; Monitor; Neurons; Odors; Olfactory Receptor Cells; Parasites; Parasitic infection; Physiology; Population; Population Density; Process; Reduviidae; Residual state; Rhodnius; Risk; Role; Screening procedure; South America; South American; System; Techniques; Testing; Triatominae; Trypanosoma cruzi; Vaccines; Wild Animals; base; behavior test; disease transmission; disorder control; effective therapy; improved; neurophysiology; novel; novel strategies; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sucking; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Triatomine bugs, commonly known as kissing bugs, vinchuca, chipo, barbeiro, are blood-sucking insects, vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas Disease. This Disease is endemic in Mexico, Central and South America and affects about 11-13 million people. Control of Chagas Disease depends mainly on the elimination of vectors through use of residual insecticides and screening of blood banks for infection with T. cruzi. Interruption of vectorial transmission of Chagas Disease requires continuous entomological surveillance even in countries where the domestic vectors are in the process of being eliminated or have been eliminated because many wild animals act as reservoir hosts and many species of triatominae that could become domiciliated transmit the parasite. Surveillance could be effectively achieved by methods that actively detect the presence of insects, e.g. using odor-baited traps. Such methods would allow efficient monitoring of houses for the presence of the insects prior to application of intervention measures. In addition, the use of traps could contribute to control efforts under certain circumstances (e.g., under conditions of low insect population density), thus reducing the use of undesirable insecticides. Triatomine insects rely mainly on olfactory cues to find their hosts. Studies of the physiology and role of the olfactory system of these insects will provide knowledge that could be used to develop odor-baited traps. An initial step to develop these surveillance and control tools is to identify the chemical constituents of the attractive animal odors. We will use gas chromatography (GC) coupled to electrophysiological recording from olfactory receptor cells (ORCs) to characterize the chemical constituents of natural host odors that are detected by the olfactory system of Rhodnius prolixus, one of the main vectors of Chagas Disease. Moreover, we will couple this technique to multi-channel electrophysiological recordings from neurons in the antennal lobe (AL; the insect's primary olfactory center). This state-of-the-art technique (which we have been using successfully in our laboratory) will allow us to probe how odor information is represented in the AL. Moreover, because neural responses to odors at this central level of olfactory processing are highly sensitive owing to the high degree of convergence of ORCs into AL neurons, AL recordings will allow us to detect active constituents of natural odors efficiently and with high sensitivity. We will identify the active compounds using GC coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a technique also established in our laboratory. After identifying bioactive odors, we will develop attractive blends of synthetic odorants. To accomplish this, the efficiency of different blends will be evaluated by means of electrophysiological recordings of AL neurons and behavioral assays using dual-choice olfactometers. The use of recordings from brain neurons coupled to analytical chemical techniques to identify efficient attractant blends is novel and is being developed in our laboratory. Ultimately, efficient chemical attractants could serve as lures in traps for sensitive detection and trapping of triatomines in or around houses. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Triatomine bugs are blood-sucking vectors of Chagas Disease, a parasitic infection that affects more than 11 million people in the Americas. Complete and continuous interruption of disease transmission by these insects requires improvement of entomological surveillance, which could be effectively achieved by methods (e.g. odor-baited traps) that use natural attractants (e.g. host-odors) actively to detect the presence of the insects. We propose to use neurophysiological, analytical chemical, and behavioral methods to identify odor attractants used by Rhodnius prolixus, one of the main vectors of the disease, to find its hosts and that can be used as trap lures.

描述（由申请人提供）：三位角虫虫，通常称为接吻虫子，vinchuca，chipo，barbeiro，是吸血的昆虫，原生动物寄生虫锥虫克鲁齐的媒介，是chagas病的病因。这种疾病在墨西哥，中美洲和南美都是地方性的，影响了约1,1.3万人。控制查加斯疾病的控制主要取决于消除媒介通过使用残留杀虫剂和筛查血液库以用T. cruzi感染。即使在国内媒介正在被消除或被消除的国家中，媒介疾病媒介疾病的媒介传播的中断也需要连续的昆虫学监测，因为许多野生动物作为储层宿主和许多可能成为寄生虫的寄生虫。通过积极检测昆虫存在的方法，可以有效地实现监测，例如使用气味诱饵陷阱。这种方法将在采用干预措施之前有效地监测房屋以在存在昆虫的情况下。此外，在某些情况下（例如，在昆虫种群密度低的条件下），陷阱的使用可能有助于控制努力，从而减少了不良杀虫剂的使用。三季昆虫主要依靠嗅觉提示来找到他们的宿主。这些昆虫的嗅觉系统的生理学和作用的研究将提供可用于发展气味诱饵陷阱的知识。开发这些监视和控制工具的第一步是确定有吸引力的动物气味的化学成分。我们将使用与嗅觉受体细胞（ORC）相连的气相色谱（GC）来表征由Rhodnius Prolixus检测到的天然宿主气味的化学成分，这些天然宿主气味是Rhodnius Prolixus，这是Chagas疾病的主要载体之一。此外，我们将将这项技术与触角叶（Al;昆虫的主要嗅觉中心）中神经元的多通道电生理记录相结合。这种最先进的技术（我们在实验室中成功使用）将使我们能够探究AL中的气味信息的代表。此外，由于由于兽人的高度收敛到Al神经元的收敛性，因此在这种嗅觉加工中心水平的气味的神经反应非常敏感，因此，AL记录将使我们能够有效地检测自然气味的活跃成分，并且具有高敏感性。我们将使用与质谱（GC-MS）耦合的GC识别活性化合物，这是我们实验室中还建立的。在鉴定出生物活性气味后，我们将开发出有吸引力的合成气味剂的混合物。为此，使用双选择性嗅觉计对AL神经元的电生理记录和行为测定法进行了不同混合物的效率。使用与分析化学技术结合的脑神经元的记录以识别有效的吸引力混合物是新颖的，并且正在我们的实验室中开发。最终，有效的化学吸引剂可以用作诱饵中的诱饵，以示意和捕获房屋中或周围的三颗粒剂。公共卫生相关性：三域虫子是查加斯病的吸血媒介，这是一种影响美洲超过1100万人的寄生虫感染。这些昆虫对疾病传播的完全和连续中断需要改善昆虫学监测，这可以通过使用天然吸引剂（例如宿主 - 氧化物）积极检测昆虫的方法来有效地实现。我们建议使用神经生理学，分析化学和行为方法来识别该疾病主要媒介之一Rhodnius Prolixus使用的气味吸引剂，以找到其宿主，并可以用作陷阱诱饵。