GLOMERULI AS FUNCTIONAL UNITS FOR OLFACTORY CODING

肾小球作为嗅觉编码的功能单位

• 批准号: 6379355
• 负责人: JOHN G HILDEBRAND
• 金额: $ 32.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6379355
• 关键词: Manduca; brain mapping; chemoreceptors; computational neuroscience; confocal scanning microscopy; electrophysiology; histochemistry /cytochemistry; mathematical model; neural information processing; odors; olfactions; olfactory lobe; olfactory stimulus; pheromone; sensory discrimination; sensory mechanism; sensory signal detection; voltage /patch clamp

DESCRIPTION (adapted from applicant's abstract): The primary olfactory centers in the brains of diverse animals, including humans, are characterized by an array of synaptic modules called glomeruli. These centers are thought to be organized chemotopically, such that odor information is represented spatially among glomeruli, but this important hypothesis has not been tested comprehensively in a species offering the advantages of anatomical simplicity, identifiable glomeruli, accessible receptor cells and central neurons, and chemically identified, behaviorally relevant odors. Moreover, despite dramatic advances in chemosensory research, we still do not understand how complex odor stimuli are encoded in neural activity, within and among glomeruli, that ultimately leads to appropriate behavioral responses. This project builds on a firm foundation of technical experience and knowledge about an experimentally favorable model, the olfactory system of Manduca sexta, which is comparable to its vertebrate counterpart in organization and function and permits the hypothesis of glomerular chemotopy to be tested with greater precision than has been possible in other species. This model system also offers an exceptional opportunity to unravel the synaptic neural circuitry within and between identified glomeruli in order to reveal how specific odor information is processed at its first way-station in the brain. By means of intracellular recording and staining, extracellular multichannel recording, laser-scanning confocal and transmission electron microscopy, and computer-assisted mathematical modeling, we will focus on identified glomeruli in recognizable clusters to: (1) test the hypothesis that glomeruli are organized chemotopically by determining what chemical, temporal, and intensity properties of behaviorally significant odor stimuli are analyzed and encoded by individual neurons innervating particular glomeruli; (2) characterize synaptic circuits within and between glomeruli to learn how the various types of neurons associated with glomeruli interact to shape the signas conveyed by output neurons projecting to higher centers in the brain; and (3) develop mathematical models of characterized neurons to generate testable hypotheses about their physiology and synaptic interactions. This research will promote understanding of basic olfactory mechanisms in all animals, including mankind, and promises to contribute toward explanation of sensory disorders such as parosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：主要嗅觉中心 在包括人在内的多种动物的大脑中，以 突触模块的阵列称为肾小球。这些中心被认为是 进行化合作组织，使气味信息在空间上表示 在肾小球中，但尚未测试这个重要的假设 全面地在提供解剖学简单的优势的物种中 可识别的肾小球，可访问的受体细胞和中央神经元，以及 化学鉴定的，行为相关的气味。而且，尽管戏剧性 化学感觉研究的进步，我们仍然不了解气味的复杂性 刺激是在肾小球内外编码的， 最终导致适当的行为反应。这个项目建立在 关于实验的技术经验和知识的坚定基础 有利的模型，甘达·塞克斯塔（Manduca Sexta）的嗅觉系统，可与 它在组织和功能方面的脊椎动物对应物，并允许 肾小球趋化的假设要比as 在其他物种中可能是可能的。该模型系统还提供了一个杰出的 揭开内部和之间突触神经电路的机会 确定的肾小球以揭示特定的气味信息 在大脑中的第一个方向站进行处理。通过细胞内 记录和染色，细胞外多通道记录，激光扫描 共聚焦和传输电子显微镜以及计算机辅助 数学建模，我们将重点介绍可识别的肾小球 簇为：（1）测试肾小球组织的假设 通过确定哪种化学，时间和强度特性进行趋化 由个体分析和编码行为重要的气味刺激 神经支配特定肾小球的神经元； （2）表征突触电路 在肾小球内和之间学习各种神经元如何 与glomeruli互动相关联，以塑造输出传递的签名 神经元投射到大脑中的较高中心； （3）发展数学 表征神经元的模型，以生成有关其的可检验假设 生理和突触相互作用。这项研究将促进理解 包括人类在内的所有动物的基本嗅觉机制和承诺 为了解释旁话等感觉障碍的解释， 低质量和厌食症。