Cerebral Structural And Metabolic Correlates Of Aggressi

攻击性的大脑结构和代谢相关性

• 批准号: 6818437
• 负责人: Daniel W Hommer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6818437
• 关键词: aggression; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; brain metabolism; brain morphology; cerebral degeneration; cerebrospinal fluid; gender difference; glucose metabolism; human subject; impulsive behavior; magnetic resonance imaging; patient oriented research; positron emission tomography; substance abuse related behavior

This research is designed to determine neuroanatomical and neurochemical correlates of addictive and aggressive/impulsive behavior in human subjects. The principal focus of these studies is the measurement and correlation of regional cerebral glucose metabolic activity, using positron emission tomography (PET), brain volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, and measures of impulsive/aggressive behavior and excessive alcohol consumption. We collected full, volumetric T-1 weighted MR images using a 1.5 T scanner to measure intracranial volumes in 350 alcoholics (248 males and 112 females) and 163 healthy, non-alcoholic comparison subjects (82 males and 81 females). An automated segmentation program was used to divide the intracranial contents into CSF, gray and white matter (Human Brain Mapping, 5:194-205, 1997). When we measure brain volume we are measuring the combined effect of two processes: growth and degeneration. Growth determines maximum brain size achieved during life. Maximal brain growth can be estimated by intracranial volume (ICV) and since ICV remains constant throughout life, brain degeneration can be measured by the ratio of cerebral volume or gray matter or white matter volume to the remainder of the intracranial contents. Alcoholics show greater brain degeneration than non-alcoholics. Alcoholic women are more affected than alcoholic men. Alcoholics also show significantly greater brain shrinkage than controls by their mid to late twenties. In addition, alcoholics have smaller intracranial volumes than controls suggesting that pre-morbid differences in brain size may contribute to the risk for alcoholism. Despite the significant difference in intracranial volume brain, degeneration accounts for a greater amount of the difference in brain volume between alcoholics and controls than brain growth does. Similarly, presence or absence of co-morbid psychiatric disorder or other substance abuse does not affect brain shrinkage among alcoholics. Over the past year we have made several methodological advances in the automated measurement of brain volumes. An automated method for dividing the brain into right and left hemispheres was developed and validated. In addition, we have developed an automated method for measuring the volume of mesial and orbital frontal cortex, regions which are known to be involved in motivation and social behavior.

这项研究旨在确定人类受试者中成瘾和侵略性/冲动行为的神经解剖学和神经化学相关性。这些研究的主要重点是使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET），使用磁共振成像（MRI），脑脊髓流体代谢物以及脉冲/侵略行为和过度酒精消耗的测量方法，使用磁共振成像（MRI）的脑体积测量和相关。我们使用1.5 t扫描仪收集了完整的，体积的T-1加权MR图像，以测量350名酒精中毒（248名男性和112名女性）和163个健康的非酒精比较对象（82位男性和81位女性）中的颅内体积。使用自动分割程序将颅内内容物分为CSF，灰质和白质（人脑图，5：194-205，1997）。当我们测量大脑体积时，我们正在测量两个过程的综合效果：生长和变性。增长决定了生命中最大的大脑大小。最大的大脑生长可以通过颅内体积（ICV）估算，并且由于ICV在整个生命中保持恒定，因此可以通过大脑体积或灰质或白质体积与颅内含量的其余部分的比率来衡量脑退化。酗酒者比非酒精药显示出更大的脑变性。酗酒的妇女比酗酒的男人更受影响。到二十多岁时，酗酒者还显示出大脑收缩的明显大于对照。此外，酗酒者的颅内体积要比对照组较小，表明脑大小的周期差异可能有助于酒精中毒的风险。尽管颅内体积大脑的差异显着差异，但与大脑生长相比，颅脑和对照之间的大脑体积差异更大。同样，存在或不存在合并症精神病或其他药物滥用不会影响酗酒者的脑收缩。在过去的一年中，我们在自动测量大脑体积方面取得了一些方法学进步。开发和验证了一种将大脑分为左右半球的自动化方法。此外，我们开发了一种自动化方法，用于测量介体和轨道额叶皮层的体积，即已知与动机和社会行为有关的区域。