EYE MOVEMENTS IN THE PERCEPTION OF DEPTH FROM MOTION

眼睛运动对运动深度的感知

基本信息

批准号：
6524966
负责人：
Mark Nawrot
金额：
$ 6.16万
依托单位：
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1999-09-03 至 2004-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6524966
关键词：
behavioral /social science research tag human subject model design /development motion perception neural information processing performance smooth pursuit eye movement space perception visual depth perception visual tracking

项目摘要

The perception of depth from motion is perhaps the important aspect of visual processing. Monocular cues to depth are all easily deceived, and binocular stereopsis is not available to monocular observers or animals with laterally places eyes. However, depth from motion may produce either ambiguous depth assignments (e.g., kinetic depth effect-KDE) or unambiguous depth percepts in the case of motion parallax even though the retinal information may be the same in the two cases. What is it that makes depth from motion parallax unambiguous? While information about the direction of observer head movement appears necessary, current research shows that the visual system actually uses a slow eye movement signal for this purpose. This project will study the mechanism by which the visual system accomplishes this task. Psychophysical experiments will use a computer system capable of integrating information from a linear head-tracking system and an infra-red eye-tracking system so that both head and eye position can be monitored. This system can also present stereoscopic versions of the motion parallax displays (using ferroelectric shutter system) so that binocular stereopsis can be used as a control to which depth from motion parallax is compared. Experiments will determine the utility of OKR or pursuit eye movements in the perception of depth from motion, including previously ambiguous conditions such as KDE. Additionally, as eye movement magnitude depends on viewing distance, the role of viewing distance in motion parallax displays will be explored. Finally, if depth from motion parallax relies on slow eye movements, then patients with eye movement dysfunction due to cortical or cerebellar lesions should show problems in the perception of depth from motion parallax. The theoretical goal is to develop a single neural network model that can account for the perception of depth from motion parallax, motion perspective, kinetic depth, stereopsis and the various neural interactions between these different depth cues. The previous neural network model (Nawrot and Blake, 1991) was confined to kinetic depth, stereopsis, and their interaction. The addition of an eye movement signal would expand the scope of the model to include motion parallax and its various interactions with binocular stereopsis.

运动深度的感知也许是视觉处理的重要方面。单眼线索深度都很容易被欺骗，并且双眼立体观察者或具有侧面眼睛的动物无法获得双眼立体。但是，运动深度可能会产生模棱两可的深度分配（例如动力学深度效应-KDE），或在运动视频中的情况下，即使视网膜信息在两种情况下可能相同，也可以产生明确的深度感知。是什么使运动的深度明确呈现？尽管似乎有必要有关观察者头部运动方向的信息，但当前的研究表明，为此目的，视觉系统实际上使用了缓慢的眼动信号。该项目将研究视觉系统完成此任务的机制。心理物理实验将使用能够整合线性头部跟踪系统和红外眼线跟踪系统的计算机系统，以便可以监视头部和眼睛位置。该系统还可以呈现运动视差显示器的立体版本（使用铁电的快门系统），从而将双眼立体定向用作比较运动视差深度的对照。实验将确定OKR或追踪眼运动的效用，在运动深度感知中，包括以前模棱两可的条件，例如KDE。另外，由于眼动幅度取决于观看距离，将探索观看距离在运动视差显示器中的作用。最后，如果运动视差的深度依赖于慢速运动，则由于皮质或小脑病变引起的眼睛运动功能障碍的患者应在运动视差感知到深度的感知中出现问题。理论的目标是开发一个单个神经网络模型，该模型可以解释运动视差，运动透视，动力学深度，立体关系以及这些不同深度线索之间的各种神经相互作用的深度感知。先前的神经网络模型（Nawrot and Blake，1991）仅限于动力学深度，立体及其相互作用。眼动信号的添加将扩大模型的范围，包括运动视差及其与双眼立体的各种相互作用。