Neural mechanisms underlying the computation of depth from motion parallax

根据运动视差计算深度的神经机制

• 批准号: 10047000
• 负责人: Mark Nawrot
• 金额: $ 43.5万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10047000
• 关键词: Address; Amblyopia; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebellar vermis structure; Clutterings; Complex; Data; Depth Perception; Development; Diagnosis; Disorientation; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional disorder; Goals; Image; Impairment; Investigation; Judgment; Learning; Macaca; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; National Eye Institute; Neurons; Ocular Prosthesis; Outcome Study; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Process; Proxy; Psychophysics; Research; Research Priority; Retina; Role; Rotation; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Strabismus; Students; System; Technical Expertise; Techniques; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Translating; Translations; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Motion; Visual system structure; Work; area MT; experimental study; fovea centralis; frontal eye fields; interest; millisecond; motor control; nervous system disorder; neural network; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; normal aging; object motion; object perception; oculomotor; preservation; programs; relating to nervous system; restoration; retinal imaging; sample fixation; undergraduate student; visual information; visual processing

Vision is an active process, and we frequently move our eyes to track targets of interest as we ourselves move. While useful for maintaining the fovea on a target, these 'pursuit' eye movements add global patterns of motion to the retinal image. Thus, to compute the motion or depth of objects in the world, our visual system must account for the image motion added by eye rotations. The standard view is that signals other than retinal image motion, such as efference copy of pursuit command signals, must be used to compensate for eye rotations. In this view, one would subtract off the visual motion resulting from eye rotation such that the remainder conveys information about motion of objects in the world. The present project assesses an alternative view, that the visual system uses this internal eye movement signal as a proxy for information about self-motion in relation to the point of fixation. More specifically, for Aim 1, we propose to use non-invasive brain stimulation (TMS) to investigate whether extra-retinal signals generated by the frontal eye fields (FEF) are necessary for the perception of depth from motion parallax. If TMS disruption of FEF processing is deleterious to the perception of depth from motion parallax, this would indicate that FEF is the source of the internal pursuit signal and is therefore part of the neural processing mechanism for the perception of motion. Alternatively, if TMS disruption of FEF does not affect the perception of depth from motion, this would suggest that the visual system instead relies on an earlier sensory foveal motion signal, the specific signal that elicits or drives the pursuit initiation signal, in the neural computation of depth from motion parallax. Aim 2 proposes to use TMS to assess the role of two additional brain areas in the computation of depth from motion parallax: visual area Middle Temporal (MT) and the Cerebellar Vermis. Both of these areas have been implicated in the perception of object motion, and are uniquely positioned to integrate the motion-related and extra-retinal pursuit signals needed to compute depth from motion parallax. However, their role in depth perception, and in particular in the computation of depth from motion parallax, remains unclear. If TMS of either area disrupts depth judgments, this would suggest a role in processing the extra-retinal pursuit signal generated by the FEF. Our previous work has made important advances in understanding the theoretical, psychophysical, and neurophysiological mechanisms of computing depth from motion parallax. The proposed project extends these investigations by directly assessing the role of the FEF, MT, and vermis in the computation of depth from motion parallax.

视觉是一个积极的过程，我们经常动摇眼睛以跟踪我们的关注目标 我们自己移动。这些“追击”眼动对于将动脉植体保持在目标上，但增加了 视网膜图像的全局运动模式。因此，计算物体的运动或深度 世界，我们的视觉系统必须说明眼睛旋转添加的图像运动。标准视图 是信号以外的视网膜图像运动以外的其他信号，例如Pursuit命令信号的Efference副本， 必须用于补偿眼旋。在这种观点中，将减去视觉运动 由于眼旋而产生的，其余的传达了有关物体运动的信息 世界。本项目评估了另一种观点，即视觉系统使用这种内部眼睛 运动信号作为有关固定点的自我运动信息的代理。更多的 具体而言，对于目标1，我们建议使用非侵入性脑刺激（TMS）来研究是否是否 额眼场（FEF）产生的视网膜外信号对于深度感知是必需的 从运动视差出发。如果TMS对FEF处理的破坏是有害于深度感知的 运动视差，这将表明FEF是内部追踪信号的来源，因此是 运动感知的神经加工机制的一部分。或者，如果TMS中断 FEF不会影响运动深度的感知，这表明视觉系统 取而代 追踪启动信号，在运动视差深度的神经计算中。 AIM 2建议使用 TMS评估两个大脑区域在运动视差的深度计算中的作用： 视觉区域中间时间（MT）和小脑vermis。这两个领域都牵涉到 在对象运动的感知中，并具有独特的位置以整合与运动相关的和 在运动视差中计算深度所需的视网膜外追踪信号。但是，它们的作用 感知，尤其是在运动视差的深度计算中，尚不清楚。如果TMS 在任何一个领域都破坏了深度判断，这将表明在处理视网膜外追捕中发挥作用 FEF产生的信号。我们以前的工作在理解 运动深度的理论，心理物理和神经生理机制 视差。拟议的项目通过直接评估FEF的作用，扩展了这些调查 MT和Vermis在运动视差的深度计算中。