EYE MOVEMENTS IN THE PERCEPTION OF DEPTH FROM MOTION

眼睛运动对运动深度的感知

• 批准号: 6179892
• 负责人: Mark Nawrot
• 金额: $ 5.66万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-03 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6179892
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; human subject; model design /development; motion perception; neural information processing; performance; smooth pursuit eye movement; space perception; visual depth perception; visual tracking

The perception of depth from motion is perhaps the important aspect of visual processing. Monocular cues to depth are all easily deceived, and binocular stereopsis is not available to monocular observers or animals with laterally places eyes. However, depth from motion may produce either ambiguous depth assignments (e.g., kinetic depth effect-KDE) or unambiguous depth percepts in the case of motion parallax even though the retinal information may be the same in the two cases. What is it that makes depth from motion parallax unambiguous? While information about the direction of observer head movement appears necessary, current research shows that the visual system actually uses a slow eye movement signal for this purpose. This project will study the mechanism by which the visual system accomplishes this task. Psychophysical experiments will use a computer system capable of integrating information from a linear head-tracking system and an infra-red eye-tracking system so that both head and eye position can be monitored. This system can also present stereoscopic versions of the motion parallax displays (using ferroelectric shutter system) so that binocular stereopsis can be used as a control to which depth from motion parallax is compared. Experiments will determine the utility of OKR or pursuit eye movements in the perception of depth from motion, including previously ambiguous conditions such as KDE. Additionally, as eye movement magnitude depends on viewing distance, the role of viewing distance in motion parallax displays will be explored. Finally, if depth from motion parallax relies on slow eye movements, then patients with eye movement dysfunction due to cortical or cerebellar lesions should show problems in the perception of depth from motion parallax. The theoretical goal is to develop a single neural network model that can account for the perception of depth from motion parallax, motion perspective, kinetic depth, stereopsis and the various neural interactions between these different depth cues. The previous neural network model (Nawrot and Blake, 1991) was confined to kinetic depth, stereopsis, and their interaction. The addition of an eye movement signal would expand the scope of the model to include motion parallax and its various interactions with binocular stereopsis.

从运动中感知深度可能是视觉处理的重要方面。 单眼的深度线索很容易被欺骗，单眼观察者或眼睛横向的动物无法获得双眼立体视觉。然而，运动深度可能会产生模糊的深度分配（例如，动态深度效应-KDE）或在运动视差的情况下产生明确的深度感知，即使两种情况下的视网膜信息可能相同。 是什么使得运动视差的深度变得明确？ 虽然有关观察者头部运动方向的信息似乎是必要的，但当前的研究表明，视觉系统实际上使用缓慢的眼球运动信号来实现此目的。 该项目将研究视觉系统完成此任务的机制。 心理物理学实验将使用能够整合来自线性头部跟踪系统和红外眼睛跟踪系统的信息的计算机系统，以便可以监控头部和眼睛的位置。 该系统还可以呈现运动视差显示器的立体版本（使用铁电快门系统），以便双目立体视觉可以用作与运动视差的深度进行比较的控制。 实验将确定 OKR 或追踪眼球运动在运动深度感知中的效用，包括以前模糊的条件，例如 KDE。此外，由于眼球运动幅度取决于观看距离，因此将探讨观看距离在运动视差显示器中的作用。 最后，如果运动视差深度依赖于缓慢的眼球运动，那么由于皮质或小脑病变而导致眼球运动功能障碍的患者应该表现出运动视差深度感知问题。理论目标是开发一个单一的神经网络模型，可以解释运动视差、运动透视、动态深度、立体视觉以及这些不同深度线索之间的各种神经相互作用的深度感知。以前的神经网络模型（Nawrot 和 Blake，1991）仅限于动力学深度、立体视觉及其相互作用。添加眼球运动信号将扩大模型的范围，以包括运动视差及其与双眼立体视觉的各种相互作用。