NEURAL PROSTHESIS USING POSTERIOR PARIETAL REACH REGION

使用后顶叶区域的神经假体

• 批准号: 6498567
• 负责人: RICHARD A ANDERSEN
• 金额: $ 53.8万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2006-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6498567
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; behavioral /social science research tag; bioengineering /biomedical engineering; body movement; computer data analysis; electrodes; limb movement; mathematical model; medical complication; medical implant science; method development; nervous system prosthesis; neural information processing; neural plasticity; neuropsychology; neuroregulation; paralysis; parietal lobe /cortex; peripheral nervous system disorders; spinal cord injury; thinking; time resolved data

DESCRIPTION:(adapted from applicant's abstract) The purpose of this grant is to develop a neural prosthesis to help paralyzed patients. The prosthesis will be developed in non-human primates as a precursor to applying a similar approach in humans. The rationale of the prosthesis is to record from an area of the cerebral cortex that plans reach movements. If these plans can be read-out in real-time, then patients who are paralyzed from spinal cord section, ALS, or other peripheral neuropathies could still think about making movements, and these thoughts could be used to operate external devices. In the experiments, the activity from the parietal reach region (PRR) will be recorded using arrays of electrodes, an area that is responsible for the initial planning of reach movements. Decode algorithms will be developed that will allow these plans to be read out in real time. The output device will be a robot limb whose controller is designed to be instructed by high level signals and to compute many of the lower level aspects of the movement trajectory that are normally computed at levels of the brain closer to the motor output. This hybrid control system represents a new area of robotics research. Additionally, local field potentials will be used to convey similar information to the robotic controller and this should provide a breakthrough for long-term recordings. The specific aims will proceed from the simplest experiment of demonstrating that a monkey can control an animated limb on a computer screen to more complex experiments where the experimenters will determine how PRR codes information about reaches in more natural situations. These later experiments will include neurophysiological studies of the coding of sequential movements, curved trajectories, combined hand-eye movements, and visua-motor plasticity. The concurrent engineering studies will develop alogorithms that can reconstruct the intended movements from neural record and develop supervisory control architectures that can move the robotic limb appropriately, all in real-time.

描述：（改编自申请人的摘要） 这笔赠款的目的是开发神经假体来帮助瘫痪者 患者。作为先驱，该假肢将在非人类灵长类动物中开发 将类似的方法应用于人类。假肢的原理是 从计划到达运动的大脑皮层区域进行记录。如果这些 计划可以实时读出，然后脊椎瘫痪的病人 脊髓断层、ALS 或其他周围神经病变仍可考虑 做出动作，这些思想可以用来操作外部设备。 在实验中，顶叶到达区域 (PRR) 的活动将是 使用电极阵列记录，该区域负责 伸展运动的初步规划。将开发解码算法 将允许实时读出这些计划。输出设备将是 机器人肢体，其控制器设计为由高电平信号指示 并计算运动轨迹的许多较低级别的方面 通常是在更接近运动输出的大脑水平上计算的。这 混合控制系统代表了机器人研究的一个新领域。此外， 局部场势将用于向 机器人控制器，这应该为长期的突破提供一个突破 录音。具体目标将从最简单的实验开始 演示猴子可以控制电脑屏幕上的动画肢体 到更复杂的实验，实验者将确定 PRR 如何 在更自然的情况下对有关到达的信息进行编码。 这些后续实验将包括对顺序运动编码、弯曲轨迹、手眼组合运动和视觉运动可塑性的神经生理学研究。并行工程研究将开发可以从神经记录中重建预期运动的算法，并开发可以适当移动机器人肢体的监督控制架构，所有这些都是实时的。