Sensory motor transformations in human cortex

人类皮层的感觉运动转换

• 批准号: 10461165
• 负责人: RICHARD A ANDERSEN
• 金额: $ 94.05万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10461165
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Address; Affect; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anterior; Area; Attenuated; Behavior Control; Body part; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Clinical Research; Code; Conflict (Psychology); Cutaneous; Data; Dependence; Development; Devices; Dorsal; Environment; Esthesia; Eye; Feedback; Future; Goals; Hand; Head Movements; Human; Imagery; Implant; Knowledge; Learning; Lesion; Limb Prosthesis; Limb structure; Location; Medical Device; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Pathways; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Output; Paralysed; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patients; Performance; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Persons; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Proprioception; Quadriplegia; Research Design; Retina; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal Cord Lesions; Spinal cord injury; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Visual; Work; arm; base; body position; clinically relevant; design; experience; flexibility; grasp; improved; limb movement; microstimulation; mind control; motor control; multisensory; neural prosthesis; neurophysiology; neuroprosthesis; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory cortex; sensory feedback; sensory input; somatosensory; visual feedback; visual information

Abstract: The long-term objective of this application is to understand cortical processing of sensory to motor transformations within the human cerebral cortex. A vast number of computations must be performed to achieve sensory-guided motor control. Standing out among these computations, visual information of the goals of action must be transformed from the coordinates of the retina to the coordinates of effectors used for movement, for instance limb coordinates for reaching under visual guidance and to world coordinates for interactions in the environment. Once an object is grasped, somatosensory signals from the hand are required for dexterous manipulation of grasped objects. Internal models within the sensory motor pathway are essential for estimating the current state of the body and the external environment, accounting for lags in sensory feedback, and calibrating the body to the environment. We will use the rare opportunity of being able to record from populations of single neurons in a clinical study designed to develop neural prosthetics for tetraplegic participants paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. Cortical implants of microelectrode arrays will be made within three key locations in the sensorimotor system: primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. These microelectrode arrays enable both recording and intracortical microstimulation. We will test the hypothesis that somatosensory and motor cortex represent imagined reaches in hand coordinates, but posterior parietal cortex is task dependent, and its population neural activity can flexibly change coordinate frames to enable encoding of the spatial relations within the body (arm and eyes), between the body and world (arm and reach targets; objects relative to self), and within the world (relative position of objects in the world) as required by task demands. Percepts evoked by intracortical microstimulation and imagined sensations will be used to understand the representation of cutaneous and proprioceptive information within primary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex. The hypothesis to be tested is that imagined sensation and electrically evoked sensations are highly overlapping—not just in primary somatosensory cortex but also in posterior parietal cortex. Lastly, we hypothesize that the posterior parietal cortex contains in humans an internal model of state estimation that shows plasticity for both natural and brain-control behaviors and transfers this learning to motor cortex. These studies will not only greatly advance our understanding of the human sensorimotor cortical circuit, but also will provide basic knowledge for the design of future neural prosthetics.

摘要：本应用的长期目的是了解感觉的皮质处理 人体大脑皮层内的运动转化。大量计算必须是 执行以实现感官引导的运动控制。在这些计算中脱颖而出，视觉 行动目标的信息必须从视网膜的坐标转换为 用于运动的效果的坐标，例如肢体坐标用于视觉范围 指导和世界坐标进行环境中的互动。一旦将物体抓住， 手感信号是对握把物体的灵巧操纵所必需的。内部的 感觉电动通路内的模型对于估计身体的当前状态至关重要 外部环境，占感觉反馈中滞后的滞后，并将身体校准到 环境。 我们将利用难得的机会，能够在临床中记录单个神经元人群 研究旨在开发针对因脊髓损伤瘫痪的四脑统计参与者的神经假体。 微电极阵列的皮层将在感觉运动中的三个关键位置内进行 系统：一级运动皮层，原发性体感皮质和后顶叶皮层。这些 微电极阵列可实现记录和皮质内微刺激。 我们将检验以下假设，即体感和运动皮层代表了想象的触及范围 坐标，但后顶叶皮层是任务依赖的，其种群神经活动可以灵活 更改坐标框架以启用身体内部空间关系（手臂和眼睛）的编码， 在身体和世界之间（手臂和到达目标；相对于自我的对象）和世界内（相对 按任务要求所要求的对象的位置）。感知物质内部唤起的 微刺激和想象的感觉将用于了解皮肤和 主要体感皮质和后顶叶皮层中的本体感受信息。这 要测试的假设是想象中的感觉和电诱发的感觉高度 重叠 - 不仅在原发性体体皮质中，而且在后顶皮层中。最后，我们 假设后顶叶皮层在人类中包含一个内部估计模型， 显示自然和脑控制行为的可塑性，并将这种学习转移到运动皮层。 这些研究不仅会大大提高我们对人类感觉皮层回路的理解， 但也将为未来神经假体的设计提供基本知识。