Visual cortical mechanisms for the perception of self-generated vs. external motion

感知自生运动与外部运动的视觉皮层机制

• 批准号: 10703373
• 负责人: Stephen Louis Macknik
• 金额: $ 49.93万
• 依托单位: SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10703373
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Amblyopia; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Computer Models; Data; Detection; Discrimination; Disease; Dissociation; Drops; Electrodes; Equilibrium; Eye; Eye Movements; Feedback; Future; Human; Image; Judgment; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; National Eye Institute; Neurons; Ocular Fixation; Ocular Physiology; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Population; Primates; Process; Production; Proprioception; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Publishing; Research; Research Priority; Retina; Role; Saccades; Self Perception; Signal Transduction; Source; Space Perception; Stimulus; Strabismus; System; Techniques; Texture; Therapeutic; Time; V1 neuron; Variant; Vertigo; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; area striata; awake; biophysical model; detection sensitivity; equilibration disorder; experimental study; extrastriate; information processing; loss of function; nervous system disorder; neural; neuroadaptation; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; nonhuman primate; novel; novel strategies; object motion; oculomotor; programs; response; retinal imaging; statistics; visual processing

How do we distinguish motion in the world from similar retinal image displacements due to eye movements? This problem has special importance in diseases such as vertigo and a variety of spatial orientation disorders, where deficits in motion perception—including the suppression of self-motion—lead to devastating conse- quences. Impaired balance and motion perception substantially impact people’s daily lives, hindering spatial judgments and impeding performance during bodily motion tasks, such as ambulating or driving a vehicle. Until we know how the brain differentiates self-motion from external motion, we will be unable to develop therapeutic advances to address such disorders. Pioneering research in the 1960's - 90's—indeed the first published awake non-human primate (NHP) vision study—asked whether early cortical neurons discerned ocular from external motion, with the majority concluding that primary visual cortex (V1) neurons responded similarly to either type of motion. These studies used different tasks for self-generated vs external motion conditions, however, meaning that the respective neural responses evoked by either motion were not directly comparable. Thus, no research to date has developed a model for how neurons in V1 respond to external vs. self-generated motion. Recent work from the MPIs' labs, and others, has begun to use novel methods to directly compare self- vs real-motion responses in V1. We propose a transformative study to leverage these new techniques to evaluate the responses of V1 neurons to saccadic eye movements of all sizes under equivalent stimuli motions, with directly comparable viewing tasks in all conditions, in all layers of V1 simultaneously, and to develop a model that links the specific contributions of V1 circuits to perception. Our preliminary data suggests that V1 neurons can differentiate be- tween self-generated and external motion, driving our hypotheses: 1) V1 neurons distinguish between self- generated ocular motion vs. external retinal image motion, 2) an inhibitory feedback signal occurs during re- sponses to self-generated motion to drive the discrimination process, and 3) V1 responses to eye movements interact with responses driven by external motion in a nonlinear—though predictable—fashion, leading to both physiological and perceptual effects on the detection of retinal motion. By comparing neurophysiological re- sponses directly to perception in behaving NHPs, we will determine the contribution of V1 neurons to discerning external vs self-generated motion, as well as the provenance of any feedback (and/or perhaps feedforward) signals, using laminar analysis. These studies will establish the contributions of signals arriving to (or arising within) different V1 layers, so as to dissociate external vs self- motion. We will create quantitative models (based on our previously established models) using the new ground truth measurements from the proposed research, to determine the precise neural and perceptual consequences of each V1 circuit involved. The studies will elu- cidate loss of function in various oculomotor and neurological disorders and as such is directly relevant to the research priorities of the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Visual Processing program at the National Eye Institute.

我们如何区分世界上的运动与由于眼球运动引起的类似残留图像位移？ 这个问题在眩晕和各种空间取向疾病等疾病中具有很重要的重要性， 其中定义运动感知（包括抑制自我运动）的地方，以毁灭性的影响 查询。平衡和运动感知受损大大影响人们的日常生活，阻碍了空间 在身体运动任务（例如行驶或驾驶车辆）期间的法官和阻碍表现。直到 我们知道大脑如何将自我运动与外部运动区分开来，我们将无法开发治疗 解决此类疾病的进步。 1960年代-90年代的开创性研究 - 实际上是首次出版的清醒 非人类灵长类动物（NHP）视力研究 - 牙皮早期的皮质神经元是否辨别出眼部 大多数人的运动得出的结论是，主要的视觉皮层（V1）神经元对任何一种类型的反应类似 运动。这些研究使用不同的任务来进行自我生成与外部运动条件，但是 这两种运动引起的相对神经反应并不直接可比。那没有研究 迄今为止，已经开发了一个模型，用于V1中的神经元如何响应外部和自我生成的运动。最近的 来自MPI的实验室和其他人的工作已经开始使用新颖的方法直接比较自我与真实运动 V1中的响应。我们提出了一项变革性研究，以利用这些新技术来评估响应 在相等的刺激运动下，V1神经元到所有尺寸的saccadic眼动运动，直接可比 简单地在V1的所有层中查看任务，并开发一个链接特定的模型 V1电路对感知的贡献。我们的初步数据表明，V1神经元可以区分 推文自我生成和外部运动，推动我们的假设：1）V1神经元之间的区别 产生的眼运动与外部视网膜图像运动，2）在重复期间发生抑制反馈信号 发起自我生成的运动以推动歧视过程，3）V1对眼动的反应 与非线性外部运动驱动的响应互动（尽管可以预见）时尚，这两者兼而有之 生理和感知对残余运动检测的影响。通过比较神经生理学 在行为NHP中直接感知的赞助物，我们将确定V1神经元对辨别的贡献 外部与自我生成的运动，以及任何反馈的出处（和/或FeedForward） 信号，使用层流分析。这些研究将确定到达（或出现）的信号的贡献 在）不同的V1层中，以解离外部与自我运动。我们将创建定量模型（基于 在我们先前建立的模型上）使用拟议研究的新基础真理测量值 确定每个V1电路的精确神经和感知后果。这些研究将使 提示各种动眼运动和神经系统疾病的功能丧失，因此与 国家眼科研究所的斜视，弱视和视觉处理计划的研究重点。

项目成果

Gaze mechanisms enabling the detection of faint stars in the night sky.

• DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15335
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: The European journal of neuroscience
• 作者: Alexander RG;Mintz RJ;Custodio PJ;Macknik SL;Vaziri A;Venkatakrishnan A;Gindina S;Martinez-Conde S
• 通讯作者: Martinez-Conde S

A Review of Perceptual Expertise in Radiology-How it develops, How we can test it, and Why humans still matter in the era of Artificial Intelligence

• DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.08.018
• 发表时间: 2020-01-01
• 期刊: ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Waite, Stephen;Farooq, Zerwa;Macknik, Stephen L.
• 通讯作者: Macknik, Stephen L.

Perceptual hue, lightness, and chroma are represented in a multidimensional functional anatomical map in macaque V1.

猕猴 V1 的感知色调、亮度和色度以多维功能解剖图表示

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102251
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Li, Ming;Ju, Niansheng;Jiang, Rundong;Liu, Fang;Jiang, Hongfei;Macknik, Stephen;Martinez-Conde, Susana;Tang, Shiming
• 通讯作者: Tang, Shiming

Microsaccades mediate perceptual alternations in Monet's "Impression, sunrise".

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82222-3
• 发表时间: 2021-02-11
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Alexander RG;Venkatakrishnan A;Chanovas J;Macknik SL;Martinez-Conde S
• 通讯作者: Martinez-Conde S

Visual Illusions in Radiology: Untrue Perceptions in Medical Images and Their Implications for Diagnostic Accuracy.

• DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.629469
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in neuroscience
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Alexander RG;Yazdanie F;Waite S;Chaudhry ZA;Kolla S;Macknik SL;Martinez-Conde S
• 通讯作者: Martinez-Conde S