Experimental effects of children's evening media use on circadian phase, sleep, and executive functioning

儿童晚间媒体使用对昼夜节律、睡眠和执行功能的实验影响

• 批准号: 10701909
• 负责人: Jennette P Moreno
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-09 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10701909
• 关键词: 4 year old; Academic achievement; Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Attenuated; Beds; Brain; Child; Childhood; Circadian Rhythms; Communication; Cues; Devices; Drowsiness; Environment; Executive Dysfunction; Exposure to; Eye; Feeling; Future; Goals; Guidelines; Home; Home environment; Hour; Household; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Light; Lighting; Link; Literature; Melatonin; Methods; Parents; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Physiology; REM Sleep; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Reader; Recommendation; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Role; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Sleep Disorders; Source; Stimulus; System; Tablet Computer; Tablets; Technology; Technology Assessment; Testing; Time; Translating; Weight; actigraphy; assessment application; child depression; circadian; circadian pacemaker; digital media; executive function; experimental study; falls; handheld mobile device; high risk; hormonal signals; innovation; light emission; novel; obesity development; pandemic disease; poor sleep; prevent; risk mitigation; sleep behavior; sleep onset; sleep quality

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT During the pandemic, children's technology and digital media (TDM) use, and in particular tablet use, has increased dramatically. Greater TDM use has been associated with less healthy sleep habits including shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing, difficulty falling asleep, and poorer sleep quality. This is concerning as shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing, and poorer sleep quality in childhood have been linked with the development of obesity and associated conditions, poorer executive functioning (EF) and academic performance, and increased risk for anxiety and depression in adolescence. One of the most likely mechanisms through which TDM use affects sleep is through the contribution of evening light exposure. Exposure to light at night sends an alerting signal to the circadian system, signaling that it is daytime, suppressing the release of melatonin, a hormone that signals to the body that it is time to sleep. The pervasive use of mobile devices (e.g., tablets) among children may pose an even greater impact on children's circadian system due to the closeness of the device to the eye. To mitigate risks associated with TDM use and sleep problems, parents need practical guidance about the potential impact of TDM use on their children's circadian rhythms and sleep, especially in the evening when children are most sensitive to the light emitted from screen devices. The goal of Project 3 is to systematically test the effect of TDM use before bed on the sleep, circadian phase, and EF of 4-year-olds using a 3-group randomized controlled trial in which children are assigned to receive one of 2 experimental conditions (Group A:1 hour of tablet use in the hour before bed; Group 8: 1 hour of tablet use 2 hours before bed) or a control condition (no evening TOM use). The proposed research addresses several gaps in scientific knowledge regarding the impact and timing of evening TDM use in the home environment. First, the impact of the timing of TDM use relative to bedtime in children is unknown. Second, the extent to which evening TDM use affects children's circadian phase, sleep, and executive functioning above and beyond the effects of household lighting is unknown. Our findings will address these gaps in the literature and have direct implications on the guidelines for evening TDM use among children. Our novel ability to objectively assess and control for children's daytime TOM use and assess treatment fidelity using FLASH-TV and apps for assessing tablet use allows us to conduct this experimental study in the home environment. Due to these innovations, the proposed study will be the first to: 1) translate experimental research methods from the laboratory to the home environment to examine the impact of evening light exposure on children's circadian physiology; 2) examine the impact of evening TDM use in the home environment on the circadian timing of preschoolers; 3) systematically test the effects of evening TDM use in the home environment on children's sleep onset and duration; and 4) explore the role of evening TDM use in the home environment on children's EF (inhibitory control and working memory).

项目摘要/摘要 在大流行期间，儿童技术和数字媒体（TDM）的使用，尤其是平板电脑的使用，已经大大增加了。更大的TDM使用与不太健康的睡眠习惯有关，包括睡眠时间较短，睡眠时间，难以入睡和睡眠质量较差。这是因为睡眠时间较短，睡眠时间和童年的睡眠质量较差与肥胖和相关状况的发展有关，执行功能较差（EF）和学习成绩较差，以及青春期焦虑和抑郁症的风险增加。 TDM使用影响睡眠的最可能的机制之一是通过夜间光线暴露的贡献。夜间暴露在夜间向昼夜节律系统发出警报信号，表明这是白天，抑制了褪黑激素的释放，褪黑激素是一种向人体发出信号的激素，表明该睡觉了。由于设备与眼睛的亲密关系，在儿童中普遍使用移动设备（例如平板电脑）可能会对儿童的昼夜节律产生更大的影响。为了减轻与TDM使用和睡眠问题有关的风险，父母需要对TDM使用对孩子的昼夜节律和睡眠的潜在影响进行实践指导，尤其是在孩子对从屏幕设备发出的光最敏感的夜晚。项目3的目的是使用3组随机对照试验进行系统地测试睡眠前的TDM使用对4岁儿童的睡眠，昼夜阶段和EF的影响，在该试验中，将儿童分配给儿童接受2个实验条件之一（A组：A组：1小时的平板电脑在床前小时使用；在床前； 8：1小时的片剂；在睡前2个小时的片剂，请使用2小时的片剂或夜间使用）或汤姆（Contran Conternation Contery Contrance）或汤姆（Contran Contection Conternation Contrance）或汤姆（Tom）使用）。拟议的研究解决了科学知识的几个差距，涉及到夜间TDM在家庭环境中使用的影响和时间。首先，TDM使用相对于儿童就寝时间的时间的影响是未知的。其次，晚上TDM使用的程度影响儿童的昼夜节律阶段，睡眠和执行功能超出家庭照明的影响，这是未知的。我们的发现将解决文献中的这些差距，并直接对儿童晚上TDM使用的指南产生影响。我们的新颖能力能够客观地评估和控制儿童白天TOM使用并使用Flash-TV和应用程序评估平板电脑使用的治疗保真度，这使我们能够在家庭环境中进行这项实验研究。由于这些创新，拟议的研究将是：1）将实验研究方法从实验室转换为家庭环境，以检查夜间光暴露对儿童昼夜节律生理学的影响； 2）检查晚上TDM在家庭环境中的影响对学龄前儿童的昼夜节律时间； 3）系统地测试晚上TDM在家庭环境中使用对儿童睡眠发作和持续时间的影响； 4）探索晚上TDM在家庭环境中使用的作用在儿童EF（抑制性控制和工作记忆）上的作用。