Experimental effects of children's evening media use on circadian phase, sleep, and executive functioning

儿童晚间媒体使用对昼夜节律、睡眠和执行功能的实验影响

• 批准号: 10701909
• 负责人: Jennette P Moreno
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-09 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10701909
• 关键词: 4 year old; Academic achievement; Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Attenuated; Beds; Brain; Child; Childhood; Circadian Rhythms; Communication; Cues; Devices; Drowsiness; Environment; Executive Dysfunction; Exposure to; Eye; Feeling; Future; Goals; Guidelines; Home; Home environment; Hour; Household; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Light; Lighting; Link; Literature; Melatonin; Methods; Parents; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Physiology; REM Sleep; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Reader; Recommendation; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Role; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Sleep Disorders; Source; Stimulus; System; Tablet Computer; Tablets; Technology; Technology Assessment; Testing; Time; Translating; Weight; actigraphy; assessment application; child depression; circadian; circadian pacemaker; digital media; executive function; experimental study; falls; handheld mobile device; high risk; hormonal signals; innovation; light emission; novel; obesity development; pandemic disease; poor sleep; prevent; risk mitigation; sleep behavior; sleep onset; sleep quality

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT During the pandemic, children's technology and digital media (TDM) use, and in particular tablet use, has increased dramatically. Greater TDM use has been associated with less healthy sleep habits including shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing, difficulty falling asleep, and poorer sleep quality. This is concerning as shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing, and poorer sleep quality in childhood have been linked with the development of obesity and associated conditions, poorer executive functioning (EF) and academic performance, and increased risk for anxiety and depression in adolescence. One of the most likely mechanisms through which TDM use affects sleep is through the contribution of evening light exposure. Exposure to light at night sends an alerting signal to the circadian system, signaling that it is daytime, suppressing the release of melatonin, a hormone that signals to the body that it is time to sleep. The pervasive use of mobile devices (e.g., tablets) among children may pose an even greater impact on children's circadian system due to the closeness of the device to the eye. To mitigate risks associated with TDM use and sleep problems, parents need practical guidance about the potential impact of TDM use on their children's circadian rhythms and sleep, especially in the evening when children are most sensitive to the light emitted from screen devices. The goal of Project 3 is to systematically test the effect of TDM use before bed on the sleep, circadian phase, and EF of 4-year-olds using a 3-group randomized controlled trial in which children are assigned to receive one of 2 experimental conditions (Group A:1 hour of tablet use in the hour before bed; Group 8: 1 hour of tablet use 2 hours before bed) or a control condition (no evening TOM use). The proposed research addresses several gaps in scientific knowledge regarding the impact and timing of evening TDM use in the home environment. First, the impact of the timing of TDM use relative to bedtime in children is unknown. Second, the extent to which evening TDM use affects children's circadian phase, sleep, and executive functioning above and beyond the effects of household lighting is unknown. Our findings will address these gaps in the literature and have direct implications on the guidelines for evening TDM use among children. Our novel ability to objectively assess and control for children's daytime TOM use and assess treatment fidelity using FLASH-TV and apps for assessing tablet use allows us to conduct this experimental study in the home environment. Due to these innovations, the proposed study will be the first to: 1) translate experimental research methods from the laboratory to the home environment to examine the impact of evening light exposure on children's circadian physiology; 2) examine the impact of evening TDM use in the home environment on the circadian timing of preschoolers; 3) systematically test the effects of evening TDM use in the home environment on children's sleep onset and duration; and 4) explore the role of evening TDM use in the home environment on children's EF (inhibitory control and working memory).

项目概要/摘要 疫情期间，儿童对技术和数字媒体 (TDM) 的使用，特别是平板电脑的使用急剧增加。大量使用 TDM 与不太健康的睡眠习惯有关，包括睡眠时间较短、睡眠时间较晚、入睡困难和睡眠质量较差。这是令人担忧的，因为儿童时期较短的睡眠时间、较晚的睡眠时间和较差的睡眠质量与肥胖和相关疾病的发展、较差的执行功能（EF）和学习成绩以及青春期焦虑和抑郁的风险增加有关。 TDM 使用影响睡眠最可能的机制之一是夜间光照的影响。夜间暴露在光线下会向昼夜节律系统发出警报信号，表明现在是白天，从而抑制褪黑激素的释放，褪黑激素是一种向身体发出睡眠信号的激素。由于移动设备（例如平板电脑）距离眼睛较近，儿童普遍使用移动设备可能会对儿童的昼夜节律系统产生更大的影响。为了减轻与 TDM 使用和睡眠问题相关的风险，家长需要有关 TDM 使用对其孩子的昼夜节律和睡眠的潜在影响的实用指导，尤其是在晚上，此时孩子对屏幕设备发出的光线最敏感。项目 3 的目标是使用 3 组随机对照试验系统测试睡前使用 TDM 对 4 岁儿童的睡眠、昼夜节律阶段和 EF 的影响，其中儿童被分配接受 2 项实验之一条件（A 组：睡前 1 小时使用片剂 1 小时；第 8 组：睡前 2 小时使用片剂 1 小时）或对照条件（晚上不使用 TOM）。拟议的研究解决了有关家庭环境中夜间使用 TDM 的影响和时间的科学知识中的几个空白。首先，TDM 使用时间相对于儿童就寝时间的影响尚不清楚。其次，除了家庭照明的影响之外，夜间 TDM 使用对儿童的昼夜节律阶段、睡眠和执行功能的影响程度尚不清楚。我们的研究结果将解决文献中的这些空白，并对儿童夜间使用 TDM 的指南产生直接影响。我们具有客观评估和控制儿童白天 TOM 使用情况以及使用 FLASH-TV 和评估平板电脑使用的应用程序评估治疗保真度的新颖能力，使我们能够在家庭环境中进行这项实验研究。由于这些创新，拟议的研究将首次：1）将实验研究方法从实验室转移到家庭环境，以检查夜间光照对儿童昼夜节律生理的影响； 2) 检查家庭环境中夜间使用 TDM 对学龄前儿童昼夜节律的影响； 3）系统测试家庭环境中夜间使用TDM对儿童入睡时间和持续时间的影响； 4) 探讨家庭环境中夜间使用 TDM 对儿童 EF（抑制控制和工作记忆）的影响。