Influence of ultra-processed foods on reward processing and energy intake

超加工食品对奖励加工和能量摄入的影响

• 批准号: 10670413
• 负责人: BRENDA M DAVY
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-22 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10670413
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Area; Attenuated; Automobile Driving; Beverages; Body mass index; Brain; Child Health; Chronic; Cognitive; Consumption; Corpus striatum structure; DRD2 gene; Decision Making; Development; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Practices; Dopamine; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Energy consumption; Exposure to; Feeding behaviors; Fiber; Food; Food Intake Regulation; Food Processing; Food Selections; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Health; Human; Individual; Industrialization; Informal Social Control; Intake; Life; Link; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nutritional Study; Obesity; Performance; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Randomized; Research; Rewards; Rodent; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Strategic Planning; Time; Weight Gain; adolescent health; aged; blood oxygenation level dependent response; brain circuitry; dietary; dietary guidelines; eating in absence of hunger; emerging adult; energy density; executive function; experimental study; feeding; flexibility; food consumption; improved; mu opioid receptors; neurobiological mechanism; nutrition; physical conditioning; preclinical study; preference; response; reward processing; trial comparing

PROJECT SUMMARY Most individuals with obesity become so before age 35. In the US population, adolescents have the highest ultra- processed food consumption (68% of total energy) and the lowest diet quality. Given that ultra-processed foods represent two-thirds of the energy consumed by adolescents and young adults, research is needed to understand the influence of food processing on eating behaviors, particularly in the late adolescence and early adulthood life stage. During this time, individuals have increasing independence in food choice and it represents a key developmental period for executive function, processes that affect life-long mental and physical health. Evidence from pre-clinical studies demonstrates rodents maintained on a “cafeteria diet” comprised of ultra- processed ingredients have greater energy intake, weight gain, and alterations in brain circuitry that regulates both energy intake and executive function than those exposed to a standard diet. However, the impact of ultra- processed foods on the brain circuits underlying reward processing, food intake regulation, food choice, and executive function in humans is unknown. Controlled diet interventions are needed to fill this void. The overall objective of this research is to establish proof-of-concept for altered reward processing measured by brain response to an ultra-processed milkshake, an increase in ad libitum energy intake in a buffet meal, and adverse effects on executive function in response to a diet high in ultra-processed foods (81% total energy) compared to a diet emphasizing un/minimally-processed foods in individuals aged 18-25 years. To address our objective, 32 individuals aged 18-25 years (late adolescence/early adulthood) (BMI<30) will undergo two 14-day controlled feeding conditions in a randomly assigned order. Diets will match the caloric needs of the individual and be matched for potential confounding factors including macronutrients, fiber, and energy density. To assess changes in reward processing, brain response to an ultra-processed milkshake will be assessed via functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after each feeding period (4 measurements). Measurements immediately following each feeding period will include ad libitum energy intake and food selection at a breakfast buffet meal (containing both ultra-processed and minimally processed foods), eating in the absence of hunger post-meal, and executive function. Although consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to dysregulation of energy intake, mechanisms are uncertain and existing dietary guidelines do not address ultra- processed food intake due to a lack of human experimental research. The proposed research could address this gap and inform dietary guidelines for individuals at a critical developmental life stage – late adolescence to early adulthood.

项目摘要 大多数肥胖症患者在35岁之前就变得如此。在美国人口中，青少年的超级 加工食品消耗（占总能源的68％）和最低的饮食质量。鉴于超级加工的食物 代表青少年和年轻人消耗的能量的三分之二，需要研究 了解食物加工对饮食行为的影响，尤其是在青少年晚期和早期 成年阶段。在此期间，个人在食物选择方面具有增加独立性，它代表 执行功能的关键发展时期，即影响终身心理和身体健康的过程。 临床前研究的证据表明，在“自助餐厅饮食”中维持的啮齿动物完成了超级 加工的电感因素具有更大的能量摄入，体重增加和调节的脑电路变化 能量摄入和执行功能都比暴露于标准饮食的功能。但是，超级的影响 脑电路上的加工食品奖励加工，食物摄入调节，食物选择和 人类执行职能尚不清楚。需要进行控制的饮食干预措施以填补这一空隙。总体 这项研究的目的是建立概念验证，以改变大脑测量的奖励处理 对超级加工的奶昔的响应，自助餐中的自发能量摄入量增加，不利 对高度加工食品中高饮食的响应（总能量81％）对执行功能的影响 饮食强调了18-25岁的个体中未经/微型加工食品。要解决我们的目标，32 年龄18-25岁的个人（青少年晚期/成年早期）（BMI <30）将受到两个14天的控制 以随机分配的顺序喂养条件。饮食将符合个人的热量需求，并且是 匹配潜在的混杂因素，包括大量营养素，纤维和能量密度。评估 奖励处理的变化，将通过功能评估大脑对超处理的奶昔的反应 每个进食期之前和之后的磁共振成像（4个测量值）。测量 在每个喂养期之后，立即将包括自发的能量摄入量和早餐时的食物选择 自助餐（含有超级加工和最少加工的食物），在没有饥饿的情况下吃 米尔后和执行功能。尽管消费超级加工食品可能有助于 能量摄入失调，机制不确定，现有的饮食指南并未解决 由于缺乏人类的实验研究，加工食品摄入量。拟议的研究可以解决这个问题 在关键的发展生活阶段 - 青少年晚期至早期的差距并告知个人的饮食指南 成年。