Structural racism in schools: Evaluating the impact of academic tracking and de-tracking on substance use and health during adolescence and the transition to adulthood

学校中的结构性种族主义：评估学业跟踪和脱轨对青春期和成年过渡期间药物使用和健康的影响

• 批准号: 10666482
• 负责人: Rebecca N Dudovitz
• 金额: $ 70.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10666482
• 关键词: Academic support; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Alcohols; Behavior; Black race; Brain; California; Cannabis; Chronic Disease; Color; Communities; Control Groups; Data; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Disparity population; Drug abuse; Education; Educational Status; Enrollment; Ensure; Exposure to; Future; Group Practice; Grouping; Health; Health Policy; Health behavior; Individual; Instruction; Intervention; Knowledge; Latinx; Life; Link; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mission; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Pilot Projects; Public Health; Randomized; Research; Schools; Self Efficacy; Social Network; Social support; Structural Racism; Students; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; Testing; Tobacco; Training; Underrepresented Populations; Violence; Work; adolescent substance use; boys; college; comparison control; demographics; drug abuse prevention; education resources; ethnic disparity; ethnic diversity; experience; high school; higher education; illicit drug use; improved; mortality; peer; perceived stress; poor health outcome; primary outcome; programs; psychosocial wellbeing; racial disparity; racial diversity; randomized trial; reduced substance use; social health determinants; substance use; success; twelfth grade; vaping

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Academic tracking is a widely used practice that groups students into classes according to prior academic performance, but has been criticized as a form of structural racism and discrimination, as it leads to the concentration of Black and Latinx students in low-performing tracks. In addition to potential long-term impacts on education attainment, a powerful social determinant of health, academic tracking may directly affect adolescent social networks and substance use behaviors. By grouping students together with similarly performing peers, tracking may reinforce school disengagement and risky health behaviors like substance use, violence, and delinquency among lower-performing students. However, no known studies examine the health implications of academic tracking nor tested whether interventions to dismantle tracking positively impact health. Advancement via Individual Determination (AVID) is a successful college preparatory program that works in part by “de-tracking” students. AVID targets students from groups under-represented in higher education, like Black and Latinx students, places them in rigorous college-preparatory courses, and provides academic and social support to ensure their success. In our pilot study, a handful of students within 5 public schools were randomized to AVID. We found the program led to connections with more pro-social peers and lower odds of substance use and delinquency. When applied school-wide, AVID trains schools to ensure all students have access to rigorous college-preparatory courses. However, there are no studies testing the health effects of AVID's school-wide program. We propose a longitudinal study of adolescents attending 5 AVID schools and 10 matched comparison schools (matched on location and student demographics) from racially and ethnically diverse communities in Southern California. Participants will be followed for 4 years to test whether exposure to AVID leads to a) lower rates of 30-day substance use (primary outcome--defined as any alcohol, tobacco, vaping, cannabis, prescription, or illicit drug use in the prior 30 days), and other substance use behaviors, violence and delinquency; b) increased enrollment in college-preparatory course taking and healthier social networks (measured by fewer peers engaged in substance use, more peers engaged in school, and more school-related adults); and c) whether associations between AVID and substance use are explained by reduced racial/ethnic disparities in college-preparatory course taking and healthier social networks. We will follow 3,570 9th-12th grade students at intervention and control schools for 4 years, collecting administrative education data and health behavior and social network survey data as they progress through high school and transition to college and/or the work force. This study will yield critical knowledge that can inform education and health policy regarding academic tracking and the use of de-tracking interventions like AVID. This topic addresses the impact of structural racism and discrimination on substance use and is in keeping with NIDA's mission to develop and disseminate research that significantly improves drug abuse and addiction prevention.

项目概要/摘要 学业追踪是一种广泛使用的做法，根据之前的学业成绩将学生分组 绩效，但被批评为结构性种族主义和歧视的一种形式，因为它导致 除了潜在的长期影响之外，黑人和拉丁裔学生集中在表现不佳的轨道上。 关于教育程度，这是健康的一个强大的社会决定因素，学业跟踪可能会直接影响 通过将学生以类似的方式分组在一起，来了解青少年的社交网络和物质使用行为。 对表现良好的同龄人进行跟踪可能会加剧学校脱离和危险的健康行为，例如药物滥用、 然而，没有已知的研究调查成绩较差的学生的健康状况。 学术跟踪的影响也没有测试干预措施是否会消除跟踪的积极影响 通过个人决心进步（AVID）是一个成功的大学预科项目， AVID 的部分作用是“分散”学生的注意力，目标是来自高等教育中代表性不足的群体的学生。 像黑人和拉丁裔学生一样，教育将他们安排在严格的大学预科课程中，并提供 学术和社会支持确保他们的成功 在我们的试点研究中，少数学生在 5 名公众中。 我们发现该项目让学校与更多亲社会的同龄人建立了联系，并且 当在全校范围内应用时，AVID 会对学校进行培训，以确保所有这些都降低药物使用和犯罪的几率。 学生可以参加严格的大学预科课程，但是没有研究测试其健康状况。 我们建议对参加 5 AVID 的青少年进行纵向研究。 学校和 10 所匹配的比较学校（根据位置和学生人口统计进行匹配） 参与者将被跟踪 4 年以进行测试。 暴露于 AVID 是否会导致 a) 30 天物质使用率降低（主要结果 - 定义为任何 过去 30 天内使用酒精、烟草、电子烟、大麻、处方药或非法药物）以及其他物质 使用行为、暴力和违法行为； b) 增加大学预科课程的入学率和 更健康的社交网络（通过更少的同龄人参与药物滥用、更多的同龄人参与学校活动来衡量， c) 是否解释了 AVID 与物质使用之间的关联 通过减少大学预科课程的种族/民族差异和更健康的社交网络，我们将实现这一目标。 对干预和控制学校的 3,570 名 9 至 12 年级学生进行为期 4 年的跟踪，收集行政管理信息 高中和高中阶段的教育数据、健康行为和社交网络调查数据 向大学和/或劳动力的过渡这项研究将产生可以为教育和工作提供信息的关键知识。 有关学术跟踪和使用 AVID 等脱轨干预措施的卫生政策。 解决结构性种族主义和歧视对药物使用的影响，并符合 NIDA 的要求 使命是开发和传播显着改善药物滥用和成瘾预防的研究。