Structural racism in schools: Evaluating the impact of academic tracking and de-tracking on substance use and health during adolescence and the transition to adulthood

学校中的结构性种族主义：评估学业跟踪和脱轨对青春期和成年过渡期间药物使用和健康的影响

• 批准号: 10666482
• 负责人: Rebecca N Dudovitz
• 金额: $ 70.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10666482
• 关键词: Academic support; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Alcohols; Behavior; Black race; Brain; California; Cannabis; Chronic Disease; Color; Communities; Control Groups; Data; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Disparity population; Drug abuse; Education; Educational Status; Enrollment; Ensure; Exposure to; Future; Group Practice; Grouping; Health; Health Policy; Health behavior; Individual; Instruction; Intervention; Knowledge; Latinx; Life; Link; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mission; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Pilot Projects; Public Health; Randomized; Research; Schools; Self Efficacy; Social Network; Social support; Structural Racism; Students; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; Testing; Tobacco; Training; Underrepresented Populations; Violence; Work; adolescent substance use; boys; college; comparison control; demographics; drug abuse prevention; education resources; ethnic disparity; ethnic diversity; experience; high school; higher education; illicit drug use; improved; mortality; peer; perceived stress; poor health outcome; primary outcome; programs; psychosocial wellbeing; racial disparity; racial diversity; randomized trial; reduced substance use; social health determinants; substance use; success; twelfth grade; vaping

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Academic tracking is a widely used practice that groups students into classes according to prior academic performance, but has been criticized as a form of structural racism and discrimination, as it leads to the concentration of Black and Latinx students in low-performing tracks. In addition to potential long-term impacts on education attainment, a powerful social determinant of health, academic tracking may directly affect adolescent social networks and substance use behaviors. By grouping students together with similarly performing peers, tracking may reinforce school disengagement and risky health behaviors like substance use, violence, and delinquency among lower-performing students. However, no known studies examine the health implications of academic tracking nor tested whether interventions to dismantle tracking positively impact health. Advancement via Individual Determination (AVID) is a successful college preparatory program that works in part by “de-tracking” students. AVID targets students from groups under-represented in higher education, like Black and Latinx students, places them in rigorous college-preparatory courses, and provides academic and social support to ensure their success. In our pilot study, a handful of students within 5 public schools were randomized to AVID. We found the program led to connections with more pro-social peers and lower odds of substance use and delinquency. When applied school-wide, AVID trains schools to ensure all students have access to rigorous college-preparatory courses. However, there are no studies testing the health effects of AVID's school-wide program. We propose a longitudinal study of adolescents attending 5 AVID schools and 10 matched comparison schools (matched on location and student demographics) from racially and ethnically diverse communities in Southern California. Participants will be followed for 4 years to test whether exposure to AVID leads to a) lower rates of 30-day substance use (primary outcome--defined as any alcohol, tobacco, vaping, cannabis, prescription, or illicit drug use in the prior 30 days), and other substance use behaviors, violence and delinquency; b) increased enrollment in college-preparatory course taking and healthier social networks (measured by fewer peers engaged in substance use, more peers engaged in school, and more school-related adults); and c) whether associations between AVID and substance use are explained by reduced racial/ethnic disparities in college-preparatory course taking and healthier social networks. We will follow 3,570 9th-12th grade students at intervention and control schools for 4 years, collecting administrative education data and health behavior and social network survey data as they progress through high school and transition to college and/or the work force. This study will yield critical knowledge that can inform education and health policy regarding academic tracking and the use of de-tracking interventions like AVID. This topic addresses the impact of structural racism and discrimination on substance use and is in keeping with NIDA's mission to develop and disseminate research that significantly improves drug abuse and addiction prevention.

项目摘要/摘要 学术跟踪是一种广泛使用的实践，根据先前的学术，将学生分为课堂 表现，但作为结构性种族主义和歧视的一种形式至关重要，因为它导致了 黑人和拉丁裔学生的浓度低表现。除了潜在的长期影响 关于教育成就，健康的有力社会决定因素，学术跟踪可能会直接影响 青少年的社交网络和药物使用行为。通过将学生与类似 表演同行，跟踪可能会加强学校的脱离接触和风险的健康行为，例如使用物质， 暴力，表现较低的学生中的违法行为。但是，没有已知的研究检查健康 学术跟踪的含义，也测试了干预措施是否会对跟踪的拆除产生积极影响 健康。通过个人决心（AVID）进步是一项成功的大学准备计划 部分是通过“脱轨”学生来工作。狂热的目标是来自较高人数不足的小组的学生 像黑人和拉丁裔学生一样的教育将他们置于严格的大学课程中，并提供 学术和社会支持以确保他们的成功。在我们的试点研究中，少数5个公众的学生 学校被随机狂热。我们发现该计划导致与更多亲社会同行的联系， 较低的物质使用和犯罪的几率。当在学校范围内应用时，狂热的训练学校以确保所有人 学生可以进入严格的大学课程。但是，没有研究测试健康 Avid范围内的计划的影响。我们建议对参加5个狂热的青少年进行纵向研究 种族的学校和10所匹配的比较学校（与位置和学生人口统计相匹配） 以及南加州的种族多元化社区。参与者将进行4年的测试 暴露于狂热是否会导致a）30天药物使用率较低（主要结局定义为任何 在前30天内酒精，烟草，烟，大麻，处方或非法药物使用）和其他物质 使用行为，暴力和犯罪； b）增加了大学书课程的入学率和 更健康的社交网络（通过从事药物使用的同龄人的量度较少，从事学校的同龄人， 还有更多与学校有关的成年人）； c）是否解释了狂热和物质使用之间的关联 通过减少大学预科课程和更健康的社交网络中的种族/族裔差异。我们将 在干预和控制学校中关注3,570年9至12年级的学生4年，收集行政 教育数据和健康行为和社交网络调查数据在高中进展时， 过渡到大学和/或劳动力。这项研究将产生能够为教育提供信息的关键知识和 有关学术跟踪和使用急速干预措施的卫生政策。这个话题 解决结构种族主义和歧视对物质使用的影响，并且与NIDA的影响保持一致 开发和传播研究的使命，可显着改善药物滥用和成瘾的预防。