Combining single cell approaches and a developmental perspective to discover stem cell control circuits and the cellular and molecular bases of cancer heterogeneity

结合单细胞方法和发育视角来发现干细胞控制回路以及癌症异质性的细胞和分子基础

• 批准号: 8955700
• 负责人: Geoffrey Myles Wahl
• 金额: $ 114.48万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8955700
• 关键词: Antigens; Attention; BRCA1 gene; Bioinformatics; Breeding; Cancer Biology; Cells; Cessation of life; Cytokeratin; Development; Developmental Biology; Diagnosis; Disease; Drug resistance; Effectiveness; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Exhibits; Gene Expression Profile; Genes; Genetic Heterogeneity; Goals; Grant; Heterogeneity; Human; Immune; Incidence; Inflammation; Malignant - descriptor; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary gland; Molecular; Molecular Medicine; Molecular Target; Mutation; Neoplasm Metastasis; Obesity; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patients; Population; Societies; Solid Neoplasm; Stem cells; Taxonomy; Technology; Time; Treatment Failure; base; cancer cell; cancer stem cell; cell type; chemotherapy; drug development; embryonic antigen; fetal; human disease; improved; innovation; malignant breast neoplasm; mouse model; neoplastic cell; programs; public health relevance; response; single cell sequencing; stem; stem cell biology; stemness; targeted treatment; tumor; tumorigenic

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Intra-tumoral heterogeneity confounds molecular taxonomy, fuels metastasis, and increases the chances of treatment failure. Understanding the origins of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and developing effective countermeasures should improve cancer outcomes. This proposal focuses on the cellular and molecular origins of intra-tumoral heterogeneity in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), as these cancers frequently resist chemotherapy and currently lack molecular targets for drug development. BLBC is distinguishable from other breast cancer subtypes, as it exhibits a gene expression signature that is associated with fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSCs) generated during embryogenesis. Importantly, fMaSC-like cancer cells are very tumorigenic and differ significantly from the "breast cancer stem cells" that have received much recent attention. This project will determine the molecular programs that drive embryonic mammary cells into the stem cell state, and use gene editing technologies to generate a new mouse model that will enable the lab to identify fMaSCs in real time based on the cytokeratins they express. This experimental approach will allow the lab to selectively eliminate these cells to determine unambiguously if these are the only stem cells within the mammary gland, and whether other cells can acquire stemness in response to wounding, inflammation, obesity, etc. p53 mutations are frequently found in BLBC and contribute to both genetic heterogeneity and increased reprogramming efficiency. This project will induce p53 mutations in fMaSCs or their differentiated progeny and ask whether different types of tumors arise, and assess cellular and molecular heterogeneity. This project will determine whether other BLBC relevant mutations, such as BRCA1 (alone or in combination with p53 mutations) or environmental challenges (such as inflammation or obesity) elicit the same effects. Gene expression signatures of resulting tumors will be compared to those of human BLBC to generate mouse models that reflect the human disease more faithfully. Finally, this project will apply single cell sequencing and sophisticated bioinformatic approaches to: 1) decipher the mechanisms by which the stem cell state is generated, 2) assess heterogeneity within the tumor cell population, and 3) determine whether fMaSC embryonic antigens are detectable in human BLBC. Such antigens, and the pathways discovered to drive the fMaSC state, will provide new targets for developing tumor-selective, immune- and molecularly targeted therapies. The fMaSC-like cells in BLBC resemble bona-fide multi-potent embryonic mammary stem cells, and comprise a new and understudied cell type in cancer. Cells with similar stem-like attributes have been described in diverse solid tumors, indicating that findings from these studies will likely have general relevance for cancer biology.

 描述（由申请人提供）：肿瘤内异质性混淆了分子分类，加剧了转移，并增加了治疗失败的机会。了解肿瘤内异质性的起源并制定有效的对策应该可以改善癌症的结果。基底样乳腺癌 (BLBC) 肿瘤内异质性的分子起源，因为这些癌症经常对化疗产生抵抗，并且目前缺乏药物开发的分子靶标，因此 BLBC 与其他乳腺癌有区别。癌症亚型，因为它表现出与胚胎发生过程中产生的胎儿乳腺干细胞 (fMaSC) 相关的基因表达特征。重要的是，fMaSC 样癌细胞具有很强的致瘤性，并且与“乳房”显着不同。 癌症干细胞”最近受到了广泛关注。该项目将确定驱动胚胎乳腺细胞进入干细胞状态的分子程序，并使用基因编辑技术生成新的小鼠模型，使实验室能够真实地识别 fMaSCs这种实验方法将使实验室能够选择性地消除这些细胞，从而明确确定这些细胞是否是乳腺内唯一的干细胞，以及其他细胞是否能够获得干细胞以应对受伤、炎症、 p53 突变常见于 BLBC，有助于遗传异质性和提高重编程效率。该项目将在 fMaSC 或其分化后代中诱导 p53 突变，并询问是否会出现不同类型的肿瘤，并评估细胞和分子异质性。该项目将确定其他 BLBC 相关突变，例如 BRCA1（单独或与 p53 突变组合）或环境挑战（例如炎症或肥胖）是否会引起相同的影响。最后，该项目将应用单细胞测序和复杂的生物信息学方法来：1）破译干细胞状态产生的机制， 2) 评估肿瘤细胞群内的异质性，以及 3) 确定在人 BLBC 中是否可检测到 fMaSC 胚胎抗原。此类抗原以及所发现的驱动 fMaSC 状态的途径将为开发提供新的靶点。 BLBC 中的 fMaSC 样细胞类似于真正的多能胚胎乳腺干细胞，并且包含一种新的、正在研究的癌症细胞类型，具有类似的干细胞特性。在不同的实体瘤中进行了描述，表明这些研究的结果可能与癌症生物学具有普遍相关性。