Effects of Intracortical Microstimulation on Neural Activity in Distant Cortical Regions

皮质内微刺激对远端皮质区域神经活动的影响

• 批准号: 10534805
• 负责人: Brandon Michael Ruszala
• 金额: $ 4.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10534805
• 关键词: Affect; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Brain; Brain region; Cerebral cortex; Cochlear Implants; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Craniocerebral Trauma; Cues; Data Set; Devices; Distal; Distant; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Exhibits; Feedback; Fire - disasters; Forelimb; Implant; Instruction; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Microelectrodes; Modality; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Neuraxis; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Outcome; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Physiologic pulse; Positioning Attribute; Process; Protocols documentation; Radial; Records; Sensory; Site; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal; Stroke; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; Upper Extremity; Visual; Work; brain machine interface; design; electrical microstimulation; experimental study; gray matter; improved; insight; microstimulation; motor control; nervous system disorder; neuroprosthesis; prevent; relating to nervous system; sensory neuropathy; simulation; somatosensory; success

Electrical stimulation has been shown to be a useful technique for delivering information to the brain from brain-machine interfacing technology. The brain is remarkably capable of learning to interpret such information, most notably demonstrated by the success of cochlear implants. Learning to translate stimulation into useful information can be attributed to neural plasticity, yet little is known about the relationship between localized electrical stimulation and subsequent effects on brain regions distant from the simulation site. In the specific context of stimulating cortical gray matter, or intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), a common assumption is that post-stimulation effects remain localized to a small volume of neurons near the stimulating electrode. However, there is evidence that suggests the effects can spread substantial distances. Prior work in my lab has shown that subjects can learn to interpret ICMS delivered to four different electrodes in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as instructions to perform four different arbitrarily- assigned movements. My preliminary studies using that dataset suggest that ICMS delivered in S1 can have two types of effects on neurons in distant cortical areas: 1) ICMS pulses can directly elicit spikes in neurons from both ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) – either antidromically, monosynaptically, or oligosynaptically – which I term “direct driving”. 2) Other neurons not directly driven by the ICMS pulses may nevertheless fire differently between trials instructing the same movements with only trains of ICMS pulses versus with only visual cues, which I term “instruction-modality dependent modulation”. Thus, the effects of ICMS may extend to parts of the cortical network more distant than previously appreciated. I propose to investigate the effects of ICMS instructions for arbitrarily-associated movements delivered in S1 on several distant cortical areas involved in motor control. Specifically, I will study effects in seven frontal and parietal regions: pre-supplementary motor area, dorsal premotor cortex, ventral premotor cortex, rostral primary motor cortex, caudal primary motor cortex, anterior intraparietal area, and dorsal posterior parietal cortex. Aim I will examine which of those cortical areas contain neurons that are directly driven by ICMS pulses delivered in S1. Aim II will examine which of those cortical areas contain neurons that show instruction- modality dependent modulation. The proposed studies will show the extent to which ICMS in S1 modulates distant parts of the cortical network, and how such modulation develops over time as subjects learn to use the ICMS as instructions to perform arbitrarily-associated movements. That information can be used to design inputs to cortex from brain-machine interfacing technology that is clearer to the subject and encourages healthy plasticity to reduce cognitive demand during the training process. Those improvements serve to benefit patients with diseases of the nervous system that can be treated with brain-machine interfacing technology including stroke, sensory neuropathies, or head trauma.

电刺激已被证明是向大脑传递信息的有用技术 来自脑机接口技术的大脑非常有能力学习解释这种情况。 信息，最显着的是人工耳蜗植入的成功证明了学习翻译刺激。 转化为有用的信息可以归因于神经可塑性，但人们对两者之间的关系知之甚少。 在远离模拟部位的局部区域进行电刺激以及随后对大脑的影响。 刺激皮质灰质的特定环境，或皮质内微刺激（ICMS），一种常见的 假设刺激后效应仍然局限于刺激源附近的一小部分神经元 然而，有证据表明这种影响可以传播很远的距离。 我实验室之前的工作表明，受试者可以学会解释传递给四种不同的 ICMS 初级体感皮层（S1）中的电极作为执行四种不同任意操作的指令 我使用该数据集进行的初步研究表明，在 S1 中交付的 ICMS 可以具有指定的动作。 对远处皮质区域神经元的两种影响：1) ICMS 脉冲可以直接引起神经元尖峰 来自腹侧前运动皮层 (PMv) 和初级运动皮层 (M1) – 或者相反， 单突触或寡突触——我称之为“直接驱动”2）其他神经元不直接由神经元驱动。 然而，在仅使用火车指示相同运动的试验之间，ICMS 脉冲可能会发出不同的脉冲 ICMS 脉冲与仅视觉提示的比较，我将其称为“指令模式依赖调制”。 ICMS 的影响可能会延伸到比之前想象的更远的皮质网络部分。 我建议调查 ICMS 指令对所传递的任意相关运动的影响 具体来说，我将研究对七个额叶的影响。 和顶叶区域：前辅助运动区、背侧前运动皮层、腹侧前运动皮层、吻侧 初级运动皮质、尾侧初级运动皮质、前顶内区和背侧后顶叶 目标我将检查哪些皮质区域包含由 ICMS 脉冲直接驱动的神经元。 S1 中交付的内容将检查哪些皮质区域包含显示指令的神经元 - 拟议的研究将显示 S1 中 ICMS 的调节程度。 皮质网络的遥远部分，以及当受试者学习使用大脑皮层网络时，这种调制如何随着时间的推移而发展 ICMS 作为执行任意关联运动的指令，该信息可用于设计。 通过脑机接口技术向皮层输入信息，该技术对受试者来说更加清晰并鼓励 健康的可塑性可以减少训练过程中的认知需求，这些改进有助于受益。 患有可通过脑机接口技术治疗的神经系统疾病的患者 包括中风、感觉神经病或头部外伤。