The Role of Place and Grid Cells in Human Spatial and Non Spatial Memory

位置和网格细胞在人类空间和非空间记忆中的作用

• 批准号: 10458722
• 负责人: Joshua Jacobs
• 金额: $ 63.51万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-17 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10458722
• 关键词: Animals; Anterior; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Cells; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Models; Decision Making; Disorientation; Environment; Epilepsy; Episodic memory; Event; Geography; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Human Activities; Imagery; Imagination; Individual; Instruction; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Location; Maps; Measures; Medial; Memory; Memory impairment; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Structure; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Work; base; cell type; cognitive function; cognitive task; computerized; design; experimental study; insight; memory encoding; memory process; memory retrieval; nervous system disorder; neural correlate; neurotransmission; novel; relating to nervous system; remote location; response; sensory input; sequence learning; spatial memory; support network; theories; time use; virtual reality; way finding; Animals; Anterior; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Cells; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Models; Decision Making; Disorientation; Environment; Epilepsy; Episodic memory; Event; Geography; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Human Activities; Imagery; Imagination; Individual; Instruction; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Location; Maps; Measures; Medial; Memory; Memory impairment; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Structure; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Work; base; cell type; cognitive function; cognitive task; computerized; design; experimental study; insight; memory encoding; memory process; memory retrieval; nervous system disorder; neural correlate; neurotransmission; novel; relating to nervous system; remote location; response; sensory input; sequence learning; spatial memory; support network; theories; time use; virtual reality; way finding

Project Summary Spatial navigation and memory are critical aspects of life for animals and humans. To identify how the brain supports these processes, our experiments examine how specific types of spatial and non-spatial knowledge are represented by the activity of single neurons and neuronal populations in the human medial temporal lobe. Previously, we and others showed that spatial knowledge is supported by networks of “place” and “grid cells,” each of which represent a person’s location in an environment by activating at individual locations and groups of locations, respectively. Though the human medial temporal lobe is also believed to be critical for memory, imagination, prediction, and planning, whether and how spatial cell types also support these complex forms of cognition is unknown. Here we will test the hypothesis that place- and grid-like firing patterns, as well as other cell types in the hippocampal system, support the neuronal representation of more complex spatial and non-spatial information beyond the neural coding of location for these diverse, inter-related aspects of human cognition. We examine this issue by conducting direct recordings of the human hippocampal and entorhinal network from neurosurgical epilepsy patients performing computerized virtual-reality tasks. In Aim 1 of our project we will examine whether medial temporal lobe neuronal firing patterns, including place- and grid-like firing, go beyond encoding spatial information to represent a “cognitive map” of each environment that represents which sets of locations and paths are connected and how they are rewarded. In Aim 2, we examine the role of place and grid cells in representing multiscale information, including large-scale geography. In Aim 3, we probe whether the activity of human place cells represent imagined and viewed locations in a manner similar to the activity present during active navigation. Finally, in Aim 4 we measure human “time cells” and test whether the activity of time cells in episodic memory are similar to the properties of place and grid cells during navigation. Our proposed studies are likely to create fundamental insights into the core neuronal responses and computational mechanisms that underlie both spatial and non-spatial memory and cognition.

项目摘要 空间导航和记忆是动物和人类生活的关键方面。确定大脑如何 支持这些过程，我们的实验检查了特定类型的空间和非空间知识 由人内侧临时叶中的单个神经元和神经元种群的活性表示。 以前，我们和其他人表明，空间知识得到了“位置”和“网格细胞”网络的支持， 每一个都通过在各个位置和小组中激活一个人在环境中的位置 位置分别。尽管人类内侧临时叶也被认为对记忆至关重要，但 想象，预测和计划，是否以及如何以及如何支持这些复杂形式的空间细胞类型 认知未知。在这里，我们将测试以下假设，即位置和网格般的射击模式以及其他 海马系统中的细胞类型，支持更复杂的空间和 这些潜水员，相互关联的人类相互关联的位置的神经编码之外的非空间信息 认识。我们通过直接记录人类海马和内嗅检查这个问题 来自执行计算机虚拟现实任务的神经外科癫痫患者的网络。在我们的目标1中 项目我们将检查内侧临时叶神经元射击模式，包括位置和网格样 发射，超越编码空间信息，以表示每个环境的“认知图” 表示连接了哪些位置和路径集以及如何奖励它们。在AIM 2中，我们检查 位置和网格细胞在表示多尺度信息中的作用，包括大规模地理位置。目标 3，我们探测人类位置细胞的活性是否以某种方式表示想象和查看的位置 与主动导航期间存在的活动相似。最后，在AIM 4中，我们测量人类的“时间单元”并测试 情节记忆中的时间单元的活性是否类似于位置和网格单元期间的特性 导航。我们提出的研究可能会对核心神经元反应产生基本见解 以及基于空间和非空间记忆和认知的计算机制。