Strengthening Adolescent-Adult Networks to Reduce Youth Violence

加强青少年与成人网络以减少青少年暴力

• 批准号: 10192525
• 负责人: Alison J. Culyba
• 金额: $ 15.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-05 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10192525
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Aggressive behavior; Applications Grants; Attitude; Behavior; Caring; Cause of Death; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Communities; Critical Illness; Data; Development; Effectiveness; Emotional; Enrollment; Family; Feeling; Fostering; Foundations; Future; Goals; Homicide; Imprisonment; Influentials; Injury; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Male Adolescents; Mental Health; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Network-based; Occupations; Outcome; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Patient Self-Report; Physicians; Population; Prevention Research; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Scientist; Site; Social Network; Social support; Source; Structure; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Urban Community; Ursidae Family; Violence; Work; Youth; acceptability and feasibility; base; career development; clinical trial implementation; community engagement; community partnership; comparison intervention; design; didactic education; education research; effectiveness trial; empowerment; evidence base; experience; feasibility testing; feasibility trial; gang; implementation science; injury prevention; innovation; insight; intergenerational; male; mortality; multidisciplinary; multimodality; neighborhood disadvantage; novel; pediatric trauma; peer networks; physical conditioning; post intervention; programs; reduce youth violence; satisfaction; skills; social; support network; therapy design; urban setting; violence exposure; violence perpetration; violence prevention; violence victimization; volunteer; youth violence; youth violence prevention

Male youth in urban environments bear a disproportionate burden of violence perpetration and victimization, which can negatively impact physical and mental health. Strengthening adolescent-adult connections is a promising evidence-based strategy to increase social support and prevent youth violence. However, studies suggest that the simple presence of a supportive adult may not universally confer protection in low-resource urban neighborhoods, and that concurrent social influences may dictate risk. The overall goal of this proposal is to apply social network analysis techniques to elucidate the structure and quality of adolescents' adult support networks across family, school, and community contexts that confer protection from violence in low- resource urban neighborhoods. Results will inform the design and pilot testing of a social network-based adaptation of the `building intergenerational partnerships' component of Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES), an evidence-based violence prevention program that fosters community engagement and reduces aggressive behavior. We will leverage data, research infrastructure, and community partnerships from an ongoing study engaged with male adolescents in twenty disadvantaged neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA. In Aim 1, we will identify adolescent-adult support network structures and relationship qualities across family, school, and community contexts inversely related to violence involvement and explore mechanisms through which these networks confer protection. In Aim 2, we will design and iteratively test a stakeholder-engaged community- based social network adaptation of the YES intervention designed to strengthen and expand adolescent-adult support networks. In Aim 3, we will conduct a pilot cluster-randomized feasibility trial of the adapted YES intervention among adolescent males and key adult supports. Completion of these aims will provide critical insights into how adolescent-adult support networks can be leveraged to reduce youth violence in urban environments. The proposal is supported by an interdisciplinary mentorship team with nationally-recognized expertise in youth violence, social network analysis, intervention design, and clinical trial implementation. With guidance from committed mentors and strong institutional support, the PI will receive the necessary intensive mentorship, didactic education, and research experience to become an independent investigator, supporting career development objectives in social network analysis, intervention design, and implementation science. This work will provide essential preliminary data to support future grant applications to: 1) use social network analysis methods to investigate how multimodal interactions across social and environmental contexts affect violence risk, and 2) to test in a cluster randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of a social network-based violence prevention program. The PI will be poised to become an independent physician-scientist leading studies aligned with NICHD's Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch priorities to support collaborative multidisciplinary youth violence prevention and intervention research.

城市环境中的男性青年承担着暴力犯罪和受害的负担， 这可能会对身心健康产生负面影响。加强青少年成年的联系是 有前途的基于证据的战略，以增加社会支持并预防青年暴力。但是，研究 表明，简单的支持成年人可能不会普遍赋予低资源的保护 城市社区以及同时的社会影响可能决定风险。该提议的总体目标 是应用社交网络分析技术来阐明青少年成人的结构和质量 支持跨家庭，学校和社区环境的网络，这些网络赋予低 - 低 - 资源城市社区。结果将为基于社交网络的设计和试点测试提供信息 适应青年赋权解决方案的“建立代际伙伴关系”的组成部分（是）， 循证暴力预防计划，促进社区参与并减少积极进取心 行为。我们将利用正在进行的研究中的数据，研究基础架构和社区伙伴关系 在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的二十个处境不利的社区中与男性青少年互动。在AIM 1中，我们将 确定家庭，学校和学校的青少年支持网络结构和关系质量 社区环境与暴力参与和探索这些机制成反比 网络授予保护。在AIM 2中，我们将设计和迭代测试利益相关者参与的社区 - 基于旨在加强和扩大青少年成年的IS干预措施的社交网络改编 支持网络。在AIM 3中，我们将对适应的试验群集群集的可行性试验是 青少年男性和主要成人支持之间的干预。这些目标的完成将提供关键 了解如何利用青少年成年支持网络来减少城市中的青年暴力行为 环境。该提案得到了一个跨学科指导团队的支持 青年暴力，社交网络分析，干预设计和临床试验实施方面的专业知识。和 忠实导师和强有力的机构支持的指导，PI将获得必要的密集 指导，教学教育和研究经验，成为一名独立研究者，支持 社交网络分析，干预设计和实施科学中的职业发展目标。 这项工作将提供基本的初步数据，以支持未来的赠款应用程序：1）使用社交网络 分析方法来研究社会和环境环境之间的多模式相互作用如何影响 暴力风险和2）在群集随机对照试验中测试基于社交网络的有效性 暴力预防计划。 PI将有望成为独立的医师科学家领导者 研究与NICHD的儿科创伤和重症疾病分支机构的优先事项一致 多学科的青年暴力预防和干预研究。