Cognitive Architecture of Bilingual Language Processing

双语语言处理的认知架构

• 批准号: 9902188
• 负责人: Viorica Marian
• 金额: $ 38.55万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9902188
• 关键词: Address; American; Architecture; Auditory; Back; Brain; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Comprehension; Computer Models; Development; Ducks; Electroencephalography; Ensure; Eye Movements; Feedback; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health Services; Hearing; Home environment; Human; Instruction; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Koreans; Label; Language; Language Disorders; Lateral; Learning; Linguistics; Maps; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Moon; Nail plate; Names; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Participant; Population; Population Process; Process; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Schools; Semantics; Services; Social Work; Speech; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Translational Research; Translations; Trees; United States; Visual; Work; base; bilingualism; cognitive change; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive process; cognitive system; cohort; experience; human model; improved; indexing; insight; language comprehension; language processing; non-Native; phonology; relating to nervous system; social; sound; visual search; visual tracking

Project Summary/Abstract The proposed research uses bilingualism as a means to study general principles underlying human language and cognition, as well as an end in itself to understand how the rapidly growing bilingual segment of the U.S. population (and the majority of the world's population) processes language. The objective of the proposed research is to examine the consequences of bilingualism for language (Aim 1), cognition (Aim 2), and the brain (Aim 3). The methods employed include eye-tracking, electroencephalography, computational modeling, and cognitive and linguistic testing of bilinguals and monolinguals. Our previous research has shown that bilinguals co-activate both languages in parallel during spoken language comprehension when input overlaps in phonological form across languages. Study 1 aims to reveal covert co-activation of the non-target language during spoken comprehension when there is no overlap in input form, via multi-step cascading activation from the co-activated translation equivalent to phonologically overlapping items in the non-target language. Study 2 will examine the roles of top-down, lateral, and bottom-up mechanisms during co-activation in bilingual spoken language processing. Studies 3-5 will show that system changes as a result of experience with two interacting languages are not limited to linguistic processing, but also extend to non-linguistic cognitive processes such as visual search. This work will show that eye movements during visual search are influenced by co-activation of the two languages even when no linguistic information is present, thereby demonstrating that language experience changes visual search. Study 6 will use EEG to look at the neural signature and timecourse of language co-activation and control during bilingual spoken language comprehension. Theoretically, the proposed studies contribute to understanding how experience, particularly experience with two languages, reconfigures cognitive architecture and changes linguistic, cognitive, and neural function. This research illustrates the plasticity of the human brain as it adapts to accommodate multiple languages and provides insight into the relationship between language and cognition from the unique vantage point of bilingualism. Addressing broader societal needs, this work has practical implications for the large segment of the American population speaking a language other than English at home, for whom clinical and educational outcomes could be improved by developing interventions that capitalize on the interaction between the two languages, for example by using form-overlapping items (phonological cohorts, cognates) to facilitate co- activation of the two languages during treatment and learning. Health services depend on accurate models of cognitive, linguistic, and neural function, and the proposed research contributes to the development of such accounts for people whose systems are changed by bilingualism, so that the benefits of scientific knowledge are not limited to a subset of the population and extend to linguistically diverse groups.

项目概要/摘要 拟议的研究使用双语作为研究人类语言的一般原理的手段 和认知，以及了解美国快速增长的双语群体如何发展的目的本身。 人口（以及世界上大多数人口）处理语言。拟议的目标 研究目的是检验双语对语言（目标 1）、认知（目标 2）和大脑的影响 （目标 3）。采用的方法包括眼动追踪、脑电图、计算建模和 双语者和单语者的认知和语言测试。我们之前的研究表明，双语者 当输入重叠时，在口语理解过程中并行激活两种语言 跨语言的语音形式。研究 1 旨在揭示非目标语言的隐性共同激活 在口语理解过程中，当输入形式没有重叠时，通过多步级联激活 共同激活的翻译相当于非目标语言中语音重叠的项目。研究2 将研究自上而下、横向和自下而上机制在双语共激活过程中的作用 口语处理。研究 3-5 将表明系统的变化是由于两个人的经验而变化的 交互语言不仅限于语言处理，还延伸到非语言认知 视觉搜索等过程。这项工作将表明视觉搜索过程中的眼球运动受到以下因素的影响 即使不存在语言信息，两种语言也会共同激活，从而证明 语言体验改变了视觉搜索。研究 6 将使用脑电图来观察神经特征和时间进程 双语口语理解过程中语言的共同激活和控制。理论上， 拟议的研究有助于理解经验，特别是使用两种语言的经验， 重新配置认知结构并改变语言、认知和神经功能。这项研究 说明了人类大脑在适应多种语言时的可塑性，并提供 从双语的独特视角洞察语言与认知的关系。 这项工作旨在满足更广泛的社会需求，对大部分人具有实际意义 美国人口在家里说英语以外的语言，对他们来说，临床和教育 通过制定利用两者之间相互作用的干预措施可以改善结果 语言，例如通过使用形式重叠的项目（语音同类、同源词）来促进共同 在治疗和学习过程中激活两种语言。卫生服务依赖于准确的模型 认知、语言和神经功能，以及拟议的研究有助于这些功能的发展 考虑到那些系统因双语而改变的人，因此科学知识的好处 不限于人口的子集，而是扩展到语言不同的群体。