Cognitive Architecture of Bilingual Language Processing

双语语言处理的认知架构

• 批准号: 10531076
• 负责人: Viorica Marian
• 金额: $ 62.78万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10531076
• 关键词: Address; Architecture; Basic Science; Brain; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Communities; Comprehension; Cues; Decision Making; Development; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Ensure; Foundations; Funding; Future; Goals; Grain; Health; Human; Individual; Intervention; Judgment; Knowledge; Koreans; Language; Language Development; Learning; Linguistics; Link; Longevity; Measures; Memory; Memory Loss; Methods; Moon; Multilingualism; Names; Neighborhoods; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Organizational Change; Orthography; Pathway interactions; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Population Process; Process; Public Health; Questionnaires; Research; Resources; Science; Semantics; Sensory; Services; Shapes; Social Work; Social outcome; Speech; Statistical Models; Stimulus; System; Testing; Theoretical Studies; Time; Translational Research; Translations; United States; Visual; Work; auditory processing; base; behavior measurement; bilingualism; cognitive change; cognitive function; cognitive process; cognitive system; cognitive task; density; experience; experimental study; health care settings; improved; innovation; insight; language comprehension; language processing; lexical; neuromechanism; phonology; preference; relating to nervous system; semantic processing; tool; visual processing; visual search; visual tracking

Project Summary/Abstract The proportion of bilingual speakers in the United States is increasing and the majority of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, yet most accounts of human cognition are based on monolingualism. The proposed research uses bilingualism as a means to study general principles underlying human language, cognition, and the brain, as well as an end in itself to understand how the rapidly growing bilingual segment of the population processes language and performs on cognitive tasks. The objective of the proposed research is to examine the relationship between language interaction and higher order cognition in bilinguals and to study the consequences of language co-activation for memory (Aim 1), decision making (Aim 2), and semantic organization (Aim 3). The approach relies on interdisciplinary methods that include eye-tracking, EEG, advanced multilevel statistical modeling, and cognitive and linguistic testing of Spanish-English bilinguals (the largest bilingual population in the U.S.) and Korean-English bilinguals (to dissociate effects of phonology and orthography). Our previous research has shown that bilinguals co-activate both languages in parallel during language comprehension. Studies 1-3 aim to uncover how co-activation of the two languages during visual search influences later memory for previously-seen target and competitor items. Studies 4-6 focus on the influence of bilingualism and language co-activation on decision making. Studies 7-9 examine how experience with two interacting languages changes the organization of the semantic network. Within each Aim, the first experiment establishes the key phenomenon, the second takes a fine-grained look at the underlying mechanisms, and the third tests the generalizability of the main effect under more stringent conditions. The proposed research is innovative in linking language co-activation and higher order cognition in bilinguals and in looking at how online sensory and linguistic processing of auditory and visual input impacts what bilinguals subsequently remember, how they make decisions, and how they represent knowledge. The proposed studies are theoretically significant by providing insight into the relationship between language and higher order cognition from the unique vantage point of bilingualism and by contributing to understanding how experience with multiple languages reconfigures cognitive architecture. Addressing broader societal needs, this work has applied significance for the large segment of the population speaking more than one language, for whom clinical, educational, and social outcomes can be improved by developing interventions that capitalize on the interaction between the two languages -- for example, to improve memory in individuals who experience memory decline (including older adults), to optimize decision making (including in healthcare settings), and to promote learning and semantic development across the lifespan. Public health depends on accurate accounts of cognitive and neural function, and the proposed research contributes to the development of such accounts for linguistically diverse populations.

项目概要/摘要 美国双语人士的比例正在增加，世界上大多数人都讲双语 人口是双语或多语的，但大多数人类认知的描述都是基于单语。 拟议的研究使用双语作为研究人类语言的一般原则的手段， 认知和大脑，以及了解快速增长的双语部分的目的本身 人们处理语言并执行认知任务。拟议研究的目标是 检验双语者语言互动与高阶认知之间的关系并进行研究 语言共同激活对记忆（目标 1）、决策（目标 2）和语义的影响 组织（目标 3）。该方法依赖于跨学科方法，包括眼动追踪、脑电图、 高级多级统计模型以及西班牙语-英语双语者的认知和语言测试（ 美国最大的双语人口）和韩英双语者（以消除音系和英语的影响） 正字法）。我们之前的研究表明，双语者在学习过程中会同时激活两种语言。 语言理解。研究 1-3 旨在揭示两种语言在视觉过程中如何共同激活 搜索会影响以后对以前见过的目标和竞争对手项目的记忆。研究 4-6 重点关注 双语和语言共同激活对决策的影响。研究 7-9 研究经验如何 两种交互语言改变了语义网络的组织。在每个目标中，第一个 实验确定了关键现象，第二个实验则仔细研究了潜在的现象 机制，第三个测试在更严格的条件下主效应的普遍性。这 拟议的研究在将双语者的语言共同激活和高阶认知联系起来方面具有创新性 研究听觉和视觉输入的在线感官和语言处理如何影响双语者 随后记住，他们如何做出决定，以及他们如何代表知识。拟议的研究 通过深入了解语言和高阶之间的关系，在理论上具有重要意义 从双语的独特有利角度进行认知，并有助于理解经验如何 使用多种语言重新配置认知架构。这项工作满足了更广泛的社会需求 对讲不止一种语言的大部分人口具有应用意义，对他们来说 通过制定利用以下因素的干预措施可以改善临床、教育和社会成果： 两种语言之间的互动——例如，提高经历过的个人的记忆力 记忆力下降（包括老年人），优化决策（包括在医疗保健环境中），以及 促进整个生命周期的学习和语义发展。公共卫生取决于准确的账目 认知和神经功能，拟议的研究有助于此类解释的发展 语言多样化的人群。