Delaying Licensure: Latino Teens Riding with Impaired Drivers and Impaired Driving

延迟颁发驾照：拉丁裔青少年与不清醒司机一起骑行和不清醒驾驶

• 批准号: 9769602
• 负责人: EDUARDO O ROMANO
• 金额: $ 23.44万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9769602
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Area; Attention; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Characteristics; Complex; Coupled; Data; Development; Driving While Intoxicated; Drug usage; Economics; Education; Educational Background; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Family; Fatality rate; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health; High Prevalence; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Latino; Laws; Licensing; Licensure; Life Cycle Stages; Monitor; Motor Vehicles; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Roots; Policies; Prevalence; Prevention; Privatization; Process; Public Health; Race; Reporting; Research; Risk; Safety; Science; Source; Stress; Supervision; System; Teenagers; Time; Transportation; United States National Institutes of Health; Ursidae Family; Vehicle crash; Youth; adolescent health; base; college; demographics; design; drinking; driving skills; effective intervention; emerging adulthood; experience; health data; health disparity; high risk; high school; impaired driving performance; intervention program; low socioeconomic status; male; next generation; peer; risk perception; sex; social; social media; socioeconomics; teen driving; theories; trend; young adult

7. PROJECT SUMMARY For U.S. Latinos, disparities exist in the areas of driving while intoxicated (DWI) arrests and fatal alcohol- related motor vehicle crashes. This is evident despite research showing that Latinos do not drink and drive more often than their Non-Latino White counterparts. Further, Latinos are more likely to ride as passengers in private vehicles and are at a higher risk of riding with an alcohol/drug impaired driver (RWI). This risk is high among Latino teens and young adults. Their high RWI rates are a major public health concern as RWI is known as an antecedent and strong predictor of future DWI. These findings prompt two critical questions, “How is it that Latino teens, despite driving less, and drinking and driving less than their Non-Latino White peers, are overrepresented in alcohol-related arrests and crashes as adults?” and “Can we develop interventions to stop such a risky development?” Understanding the pathways to RWI/DWI along the life course of adolescence into emerging adulthood would greatly inform the development of focused prevention policies and interventions. Currently, little is known about developmental pathways to RWI/DWI among Latinos teens. Adding to this void in knowledge are two recent salient secular trends that present a major challenge for youth; many teens are intentionally delaying driving licensure (DDL) until age 18 or later to avoid teen-driver safety restrictions required by state graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws (when 15-17 y/o can drive only with adult supervision and/or under restrictions for passengers/nighttime driving) and Latinos in early/mid-adolescence now have a higher prevalence of alcohol and drug use than their peers of other racial and ethnic groups. For those 18 y/o inexperienced drivers who DDL, they have greater risk of serious and fatal crash involvement, particularly if they choose to use alcohol and/or drugs. There is concern this problem is particularly severe among Latinos, a group with a relatively elevated number of 18 y/o with little or no driving experience. This fact coupled with the noted increased prevalence of alcohol and drug use in Latino teens further emphasizes the importance and need of our proposed research as it relates to disparities in DDL, RWI, DWI, and alcohol-related fatal crashes. Our ultimate long-term research goal is to develop interventions to address this disparate source of health risk. To do so, we first propose a robust analysis of very recent adolescent health data that will guide the initial steps toward advancing the understanding of the relationships between DDL/GDL/RWI/DWI and thoroughly informing a succeeding R01 application focused on design and implementation of an effective theory-driven multilevel intervention program. Using national longitudinal adolescent health and fatal crash data, we will examine individual, family, and social factors that may be contributing to DDL in Latino teens. Also, we will examine relationships between DDL and GDL and episodes of RWI/DWI as well as fatal crashes. Successful completion of the proposed aims will provide pivotal epidemiological evidence to inform effective interventions that will save lives and eliminate related health disparities.

7. 项目概要 对于美国拉丁美洲人来说，醉酒驾驶 (DWI) 逮捕和致命酒精中毒方面存在差异 尽管研究表明拉丁裔不会酒后驾车，但这一点还是很明显的。 此外，拉丁裔更有可能作为乘客乘坐 私家车与酒精/药物中毒驾驶员 (RWI) 一起骑行的风险较高。 在拉丁裔青少年和年轻人中，他们的高 RWI 率是一个主要的公共卫生问题，就像 RWI 一样。 这些发现被称为未来 DWI 的先行因素和强有力的预测因子，提出了两个关键问题：“如何实现？” 拉丁裔青少年尽管比非拉丁裔白人同龄人开车、酒后驾车的次数更少，但 与酒精相关的逮捕和车祸的成年人比例过高吗？以及“我们可以制定干预措施来阻止吗？” 如此危险的发展？”了解从青春期到生命历程中 RWI/DWI 的途径 新兴成年期将为制定有针对性的预防政策和干预措施提供重要信息。 目前，人们对拉丁裔青少年 RWI/DWI 的发展途径知之甚少，这加剧了这一空白。 在知识方面，最近有两个显着的世俗趋势给许多青少年带来了重大挑战： 故意将驾驶执照 (DDL) 推迟到 18 岁或更高年龄，以避免青少年驾驶员的安全限制 州分级驾驶执照 (GDL) 法律要求（15-17 岁只能在成人监督下驾驶） 和/或在乘客/夜间驾驶的限制下）和青春期早期/中期的拉丁裔现在有 18 岁的人酗酒和吸毒的比例高于其他种族和族裔群体的同龄人。 缺乏经验的司机如果 DDL，他们发生严重和致命事故的风险更大，特别是如果 人们担心这个问题在拉丁裔中尤其严重。 18 岁以下人群中驾驶经验很少或没有的人数相对较多。 注意到拉丁裔青少年酗酒和吸毒的流行率增加，进一步强调了这一点的重要性和 需要我们提出的研究，因为它涉及 DDL、RWI、DWI 和与酒精相关的致命车祸的差异。 我们最终的长期研究目标是制定干预措施来解决这种不同的健康风险来源。 为此，我们首先建议对最近的青少年健康数据进行强有力的分析，这将指导最初的 逐步理解 DDL/GDL/RWI/DWI 之间的关系并彻底 为后续的 R01 应用提供信息，重点关注有效理论驱动的设计和实施 利用国家纵向青少年健康和致命事故数据，我们将 研究可能导致拉丁裔青少年 DDL 的个人、家庭和社会因素。 检查 DDL 和 GDL 与 RWI/DWI 事件以及致命成功事故之间的关系。 完成拟议目标将为有效干预措施提供重要的流行病学证据 这将拯救生命并消除相关的健康差距。