Neural Mechanisms of Landmark-based Navigation

基于地标的导航的神经机制

• 批准号: 9767784
• 负责人: RUSSELL A EPSTEIN
• 金额: $ 42.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9767784
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Brain region; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Communications aid for the blind; Complex; Data; Destinations; Development; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease Management; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Geometry; Goals; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impairment; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Location; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Nature; Navigation System; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuropsychology; Output; Pattern; Play; Process; Research; Rodent; Role; Route; Scheme; Stimulus; Structure; Support System; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Vision; Visual; Work; base; behavior test; entorhinal cortex; experience; information processing; navigation aid; neural network; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; operation; programs; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; theories; vector; way finding

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A fundamental aspect of our existence is the fact that we move through space. We do not do so randomly; rather, we use a variety of different strategies to reach our navigational goals efficiently. One such strategy is landmark-based navigation (LBN), which is the use of stable landmarks to determine one's location and orientation relative to the enduring spatial structure of the world. The current application describes a competing renewal of a research program in which we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and cognitive behavioral testing to understand the neural systems that underlie LBN. Under the theoretical scheme we have developed, LBN involves three cognitive mechanisms: a landmark recognition mechanism, a localization/orientation mechanism, and a route planning mechanism. During the initial funding period, we used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data to demonstrate that the parahippocampal place area (PPA) supports landmark recognition and the retrosplenial complex (RSC) supports localization/orientation. These results indicate that the neural network involved in LBN can be fractionated into functional subsystems tied to the three cognitive mechanisms. Our goals in the next funding period are to use these discoveries as a springboard to understand the mechanistic operation of the LBN system and to extend the investigation to encompass route planning. Aim 1 is to delineate the information processing functions of the landmark recognition mechanism in the PPA and to identify its functional inputs. Aim 2 is to understand the how the RSC uses external features and egocentric experience to mediate localization/orientation. Aim 3 is to identify and characterize the neural mechanisms that support route planning in RSC and the medial temporal lobe (MTL). If successful, this research will result in a detailed theory of the neural basis of landmark-based navigation. This knowledge will have important health implications in two domains. First, understanding the mechanisms that underlie LBN is critical for the development of rehabilitation strategies and navigational aids for the blind. Second, because the brain regions investigated are often impacted early in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's dementia, the knowledge gained about these systems will be useful for diagnosing and managing these diseases.

 描述（由申请人提供）：我们存在的一个基本方面是，我们在太空中移动并不是随机的，而是使用各种不同的策略来有效地实现我们的导航目标。基于导航（LBN），即使用稳定的地标来确定相对于世界持久空间结构的位置和方向当前的应用描述了一项研究计划的竞争性更新，其中我们使用功能磁共振成像（功能磁共振成像），根据我们开发的理论方案，LBN 涉及三种认知机制：地标识别机制、定位/定向机制和路线规划机制。在最初的资助期间，我们使用功能磁共振成像数据的多体素模式分析（MVPA）来证明海马旁区域（PPA）支持地标识别，而压后复合体（RSC）支持这些结果表明，LBN 涉及的神经网络可以分解为与三种认知机制相关的功能子系统，我们在下一个资助期的目标是利用这些发现作为理解 LBN 机械操作的跳板。目标 1 是描述 PPA 中地标识别机制的信息处理功能，并确定其功能输入。目标 2 是了解 RSC 如何使用外部特征。目标 3 是识别和表征支持 RSC 和内侧颞叶 (MTL) 路径规划的神经机制。如果成功，这项研究将产生详细的神经基础理论。基于地标的导航。这些知识将在两个领域产生重要的健康影响：首先，了解 LBN 的机制对于制定康复策略和导航辅助设备至关重要。 其次，由于所研究的大脑经常在阿尔茨海默氏痴呆等神经退行性疾病的早期受到影响，因此获得的有关这些系统的知识将有助于诊断和治疗这些疾病。