Place Representations in the Human Visual System

将表征放入人类视觉系统中

• 批准号: 7386605
• 负责人: RUSSELL A EPSTEIN
• 金额: $ 32.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-03-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7386605
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Animals; Area; Behavior; Body part; Books; Brain; Cells; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Data; Development; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Food; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hand; Head; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Link; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Medial; Organism; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Process; Published Comment; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Role; Staging; Structure; Surface; System; Testing; Time; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; base; blind; experience; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuropsychological; programs; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; spatial relationship; visual information; visual stimulus

There are few circumstances more fundamental to our existence in the fact that we are creatures that move through space. Almost all of the behaviors are essential to our survival - locating food, finding a mate, and avoiding predators - require navigation through the external world. A half-century of research suggests that humans and animals use cognitive "maps" of the large-scale spatial structure of the world to facilitate this ability. Much of the information used to form these maps is initially acquired from vision. But this presents a puzzle: how do we transform visuospatial information initially acquired from specific views and specific instances into a viewpoint-invariant representation of environmental space that can be used for navigational planning? The research proposed here will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address this question. On the basis of previous work, we hypothesize that the human brain supports at least three distinct hierarchical levels of spatial representation: (1) it represents the locations of objects and surfaces relative to various body parts such as the eye and hand (body-space); (2) it represents the relationship between the trunk of the body and a coordinate frame anchored on the set of immovable surfaces that defines the local scene (scene-space); (3) it represents the the location and orientation of the observer within the larger environment, including relative to locations that are currently "over the horizon" (world-space). The first part of the proposed research will examine scene-space representations in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices with particular emphasis on uncovering the mechanisms by which these representations are learned from experience and change over time. The second part of the proposed research will examine the neural mechanisms involved in representing body-space and will functionally distinguish these mechanisms from those involved in representing scene-space. The third part of the proposed research will examine the neural mechanisms involved in representing world-space. Although this research does not examine spatial processing in nonsighted individuals, the results obtained will help us to distinguislvbetween processes that are inextricably tied to vision and those that are relatively amodal. As such, this knowledge could be critical for development of rehabilitation strategies in the blind.

对于我们的存在来说，没有什么比我们是移动的生物这一事实更重要的了。 穿过空间。几乎所有的行为对于我们的生存都是至关重要的——寻找食物、寻找伴侣，以及 躲避掠食者——需要在外部世界中导航。半个世纪的研究表明 人类和动物使用世界大规模空间结构的认知“地图”来促进这一点 能力。用于形成这些地图的大部分信息最初是通过视觉获得的。但这提出了一个 难题：我们如何转换最初从特定视图和特定内容获得的视觉空间信息 将实例转化为可用于导航的环境空间的视点不变表示 规划？这里提出的研究将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来解决 这个问题。在之前工作的基础上，我们假设人脑至少支持三个 空间表示的不同层次：（1）它表示物体和表面的位置 相对于身体的各个部位，例如眼睛和手（身体空间）； (2) 表示关系 在身体的躯干和固定在一组不可移动表面上的坐标系之间 定义局部场景（场景空间）； (3) 表示观察者的位置和方向 更大的环境，包括相对于当前“地平线之上”（世界空间）的位置。 拟议研究的第一部分将检查海马旁和 压后皮质，特别强调揭示这些机制 表征是从经验中习得的，并随着时间的推移而变化。拟议的第二部分 研究将检查代表身体空间的神经机制，并在功能上 将这些机制与表示场景空间所涉及的机制区分开来。第三部分 拟议的研究将检查代表世界空间的神经机制。虽然这 研究并未检查失明个体的空间处理，获得的结果将帮助我们 区分与视觉密不可分的过程和相对非模态的过程。作为 因此，这些知识对于盲人康复策略的制定至关重要。