Uncovering and Surveilling Financial Deception Risk in Aging

发现和监控老龄化过程中的财务欺诈风险

• 批准号: 9766171
• 负责人: Natalie C Ebner
• 金额: $ 32.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9766171
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Affective; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; American; Anterior; Area; Arousal; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Censuses; Cognitive; Collaborations; Competence; Complex; Computers; Cues; Data; Data Analytics; Data Collection; Deception; Decision Making; Detection; Development; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Electronic Mail; Engineering; Epidemic; Foundations; Fraud; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Health Status; Impairment; Individual; Infrastructure; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Life; Link; Longevity; Machine Learning; Measures; Methodology; Modeling; Monitor; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Prevention; Process; Psychology; Psychometrics; Public Health; Quality of life; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Structure; Thinness; Time; Transact; Validation; age related; aged; aging population; base; brain behavior; computer science; computerized; cost; cyber security; decision-making capacity; digital; experimental study; falls; financial decision making; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; learning strategy; middle age; multidisciplinary; neurophysiology; novel; personalized approach; phishing; prevent; recruit; relating to nervous system; social; theories; tool

Project Summary. Among older adults, sudden and unexpected financial losses as a result of fraud can have devastating consequences. A rapidly aging population, combined with age-related changes in decision-making processes, means that fraudulent activities targeting older adults is a growing public health problem that requires surveillance, education, and intervention. Motivated by theories of cognitive, socioemotional, and neurobiological aging, this proposal investigates behavioral and neural decision-making mechanisms associated with fraud risk in older adulthood. In a more globally connected and computerized world, older adults may constitute particular at-risk targets for highly effective forms of online financial fraud, such as through social engineering in the form of emails containing malicious links or attachments (phishing). Susceptibility to financial deception in aging has been investigated primarily in the context of age-related cognitive decline, while socioemotional and neurophysiological parameters have been largely understudied. Further, there are few effective approaches to characterize, monitor and detect, and eventually prevent, financial deception. The objectives of the proposed research are threefold: Aim 1 will determine financial deception risk across the adult life span. This aim will seek to confirm that age is associated with greater susceptibility to financial deception, online and in person. Aim 2 will characterize cognitive, socioemotional, and neurophysiological mechanisms associated with deception risk. Specifically, this aim will uncover the extent to which cognitive and socioemotional dysfunction, age-related dampening in neurophysiological reactivity, and structural and functional brain changes contribute to increased susceptibility in aging. Aim 3 involves the development and psychometric validation of a novel risk assessment interview and the development of an automated deception warning tool to alert older adults about potential online fraud. Our research design will span three data collection phases comprising healthy young, middle-aged, young-old, and old-old individuals. Leveraging infrastructure developed in our lab, a behavioral field experiment will determine real-life susceptibility to financial fraud via simulated phishing email attacks (Phase I). A comprehensive in-lab assessment of cognitive/socioemotional and neurophysiological mechanisms will follow (Phase II and III, respectively). A data-analytic Phase IV will integrate data collected across Phases I-III using statistical and machine-learning methods. This multidisciplinary approach, encompassing psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and engineering will lay the foundation for building an integrated approach to risk detection and the provision of financial decision-making supports in older adulthood. Findings and methodologies developed as part of this project have the potential to inform real-life decision-supportive interventions that adopt an age-targeted approach towards the long-term goal of financial risk reduction in older individuals.

项目摘要。在老年人中，由于欺诈而突然而意外的财务损失可能会造成 毁灭性后果。迅速老龄化的人口，与年龄相关的决策变化相结合 过程，意味着针对老年人的欺诈活动是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题 需要监视，教育和干预。由认知，社会情感和 神经生物学老化，该提案研究了行为和神经决策机制 与老年人的欺诈风险有关。在一个更具全球和计算机化的世界中，年龄较大 成年人可能构成高效形式的在线财务欺诈形式的特定危险目标，例如 通过包含恶意链接或附件（网络钓鱼）的电子邮件形式的社会工程。 主要在与年龄有关 认知能力下降，而社会情感和神经生理学参数已在很大程度上进行了研究。 此外，几乎没有有效的方法来表征，监视和检测，并最终防止， 财务欺骗。拟议研究的目标是三重：AIM 1将确定财务 整个成人生活跨度的欺骗风险。这个目标将试图确认年龄与更大的相关 对财务欺骗，在线和亲自的敏感性。 AIM 2将表征认知，社会情感， 和与欺骗风险相关的神经生理机制。具体来说，这个目标将发现 认知和社会情感功能障碍，与年龄相关的神经生理学障碍的程度 反应性，结构和功能性大脑变化有助于提高衰老的敏感性。目标3 涉及新的风险评估访谈的发展和心理测量验证以及 开发自动欺骗警告工具，以提醒老年人有关潜在的在线欺诈行为。我们的 研究设计将跨越三个数据收集阶段，其中包括健康的年轻，中年，年轻的和 老年人。利用在我们的实验室中开发的基础设施，行为领域实验将确定 通过模拟的网络钓鱼电子邮件攻击（I阶段），现实生活中对财务欺诈的敏感性。全面的单位 认知/社会情感和神经生理机制的评估将遵循（II和III期， 分别）。数据分析阶段IV将使用统计和 机器学习方法。这种多学科的方法，包括心理学，神经科学， 计算机科学和工程将为建立综合风险检测方法奠定基础 提供的财务决策支持较早的成年。发现和方法论 作为该项目的一部分开发的有可能告知现实生活中的决策支持措施 采用以年龄为目标的方法来实现降低老年人财务风险的长期目标。