Clarifying the role of tobacco retail outlets on maternal smoking during pregnancy and child secondhand smoke exposure

澄清烟草零售店对孕期母亲吸烟和儿童二手烟暴露的影响

• 批准号: 9764895
• 负责人: Bernard F Fuemmeler
• 金额: $ 53.49万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-02 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9764895
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; American; Area; Biological; Biological Markers; Birth; Censuses; Child; Child Health; Child health care; Childhood; Chronic Disease; Communities; Community Surveys; Cotinine; Data; Data Sources; Education; Environment; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Epidemiology; Epigenetic Process; Family; Fathers; Health; Health Care Costs; Health Services; Health Services Research; High Prevalence; Income; Individual; Infant; Intervention; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Life; Link; Literature; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Methods; Modification; Mothers; National Cancer Institute; Neighborhoods; Newborn Infant; Outcome; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Public Health; Regulation; Risk Factors; Role; Sales; Science; Side; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Spatial Distribution; Statistical Methods; Subgroup; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Variant; Woman; adolescent smoking; aged; cancer risk; cohort; cost; data integration; density; early childhood; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; health care service utilization; home smoking ban; improved; innovation; insight; maternal cigarette smoking; prenatal; public policy on tobacco; residence; smoking during pregnancy; smoking prevalence; social; socioeconomics

Abstract Both smoking and second hand smoke (SHS) exposure are established risk factors for chronic disease and cancer. While the prevalence of smoking has decreased in the population as whole, there are subgroups that are particularly vulnerable to smoke exposure, such as pregnant women and children, and it is recommended to eliminate exposure almost entirely among these subgroups. Many states are active in either planning or proposing new regulations limiting tobacco retail outlet (TRO) density as a means of reducing smoking. Presumably, reducing TRO density should lead to lower levels of adult smoking, which should also reduce maternal smoking during pregnancy and SHS exposure in children. There is scant evidence that TRO density is related to smoking behaviors, and there is no evidence showing that reducing TRO density will extend to vulnerable subgroups and those passively exposed, like pregnant women and children. The purpose of proposed study is to examine the extent to which TRO density is related to biomarkers of smoke exposure (cotinine) in 1000 women during their pregnancy and in 400 children aged 4-10 born of these mothers. In addition, the study will determine the degree to which cotinine levels and TRO density relate to health care utilization and costs during pregnancy and early childhood. To accomplish this study, the team will integrate data on biomarkers of smoke exposure and health-care utilization data from a longitudinal pre-birth cohort with publically available data sources on TROs and census data (American Community Survey). By better understanding the link that TROs have with smoke exposure and the related health-care costs associated with such exposure, we will be better positioned to make data-driven policies that aim to modify the TRO landscape. Successful completion of this project will provide evidence supporting continued efforts to expand policies reducing TRO density and retain them where they are being enacted.

抽象的 吸烟和二手烟（SHS）暴露是慢性疾病和 癌症。虽然整体吸烟的患病率在整体上有所下降，但有一些亚组 特别容易受到烟雾暴露的影响，例如孕妇和儿童，建议 在这些亚组中几乎完全消除了暴露。许多州都活跃于计划或 提出新的法规，以限制烟草零售渠道（TRO）密度作为减少吸烟的一种手段。 据推测，降低TRO密度应导致成人吸烟的水平降低，这也应减少 怀孕期间的孕产妇吸烟和儿童的SHS暴露。有很少的证据表明TRO密度是 与吸烟行为有关，没有证据表明降低TRO密度将扩展到 脆弱的亚组和那些被动暴露的人，例如孕妇和儿童。提议的目的 研究是为了检查TRO密度与烟雾暴露的生物标志物（Cotinine）在多大程度上 怀孕期间有1000名妇女和400名4-10岁母亲的儿童。另外，该研究 将确定可替宁水平和TRO密度与医疗保健利用和成本相关的程度 在怀孕和幼儿期间。为了完成这项研究，团队将集成有关生物标志物的数据 来自纵向出生前队列的烟雾暴露和医疗保健利用数据，并具有公开可用的数据 Tros和人口普查数据的来源（美国社区调查）。通过更好地理解Tros的链接 随着烟雾曝光以及与此类暴露相关的相关医疗保健费用，我们会更好 有权制定旨在修改TRO景观的数据驱动政策。成功完成 项目将提供证据，支持持续努力扩大政策，以降低TRO密度并保留 他们被制定的地方。