Preventing Substance Use in the Context of Poverty: Risk and Protection from Early Childhood to Early Adulthood

预防贫困背景下的药物使用：从幼儿期到成年早期的风险和保护

基本信息

批准号：
9757907
负责人：
Daniel S Shaw
金额：
$ 111.54万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-30 至 2021-08-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9757907
关键词：
21 year old Address Adolescence Adult Age Alcohol consumption American Behavior Biological Caring Child Child Behavior Child Rearing Communities Data Development Drug Addiction Drug Use Disorder Ecology Education Effectiveness Eligibility Determination Environment Ethnic Origin Family Genetic Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Risk Genotype Geography Housing Income Individual Differences Infant Intervention Lifestyle-related condition Link Medical Mental Depression Methods Modeling Neighborhoods Outcome Parents Participant Personal Satisfaction Poverty Predisposition Prevention Prevention trial Problem behavior Race Randomized Resources Risk Risk Factors Rural Rural Community Sampling Schools Severities Site Social isolation Societies Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Testing Victimization Woman Youth addiction alcohol risk attenuation base checkup examination community setting deprivation design deter alcohol use deviant dietary supplements early childhood early onset early onset drug use emerging adult ethnic diversity family management gene environment interaction group intervention high risk high risk behavior inner city intervention effect maternal depression middle childhood nutrition peer prevent prospective racial and ethnic disparities racial disparity recruit resilience social socioeconomics substance use prevention suburb suicidal risk treatment response urban poverty young adult

项目摘要

Project Summary One of the most debilitating and pervasive high-risk ecologies children encounter in American society is poverty and its many correlates, such as compromised parenting, deprived neighborhoods and schools, deviant peer clustering, and poor nutrition and medical care. Despite the greater risk of a host of maladaptive outcomes associated with poverty, few studies have prospectively examined young adult adjustment for children born into poverty beginning at age 2. Even fewer longitudinal trials initiated in early childhood have examined the impact of a brief and repeated family intervention in preventing alcohol and drug use disorder (ADUD). The Early Steps Multisite (ESM) prevention trial was specifically designed to address the needs of children and families living in poverty, often marked by compromised parenting and parent well-being. Initiated at child age 2 and follow-ups at nine ages through age 16, the ESM sample was recruited from WIC centers in three geographically, socioeconomically, and ethnically diverse communities: Pittsburgh, PA; Charlottesville, VA; and Eugene, OR. To increase the number of sample families at risk for later ADUD, eligibility was restricted to WIC families with additional socioeconomic, family, and child risk factors. Families were randomly assigned to be offered a yearly FCU intervention, including adapted and tailored family management interventions. The children and families were initially assessed at child age 2 and then yearly through age 10.5, using a multi-agent and multi-method strategy that included direct observations of family interaction in most years, and subsequently followed at ages 14 and 16. In the current application, we are proposing to continue following this multiethnic sample (N=731) of youth who are transitioning to adulthood, at ages 19 and 21. With genotyping on an extensive contemporary array, prospective data on neighborhood risk and racial/ethnic disparities, we propose to examine direct, interactive, and cascading effects of child, genetic, family, peer, and neighborhood factors on ADUD and related outcomes; lasting effects of the Family Check-Up on ADUD and related problem and prosocial behavior; and moderating effects of the Family Check- Up’s effectiveness.

项目摘要美国最衰弱和普遍的高风险生态儿童在美国遇到社会是贫穷的，其许多相关，例如受损的育儿，被剥夺社区和学校，异常的同伴聚类以及营养和医疗服务不佳。尽管与贫困相关的许多不良适应后果的风险很少，但很少有研究已经前瞻性地检查了年轻的成人调整，以便开始贫困的儿童在2岁时。在幼儿期间发起的纵向试验更少，已经检查了一项短暂而反复的家庭干预，以防止酒精和药物使用障碍（ADUD）。专门设计了早期步骤多站点（ESM）预防试验，以满足需求居住在贫困中的儿童和家庭，通常以育儿和父母的妥协为标志福利。 ESM样本于2岁的儿童2岁和九岁的随访开始是从WIC中心招募的三个地理，社会经济和种族的多元化社区：宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡；弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔；和尤金，或。增加有可能以后Adud的样本家庭数量，资格仅限于WIC家族其他社会经济，家庭和儿童危险因素。家庭被随机分配为提供年度FCU干预，包括适应和量身定制的家庭管理干预措施。最初对2岁儿童进行评估，然后每年评估直到10.5岁，使用多代理和多方法策略，包括直接大多数年份对家庭互动的观察，随后在14岁和16岁之间进行观察。当前的应用程序，我们建议继续遵循此多民族样本（n = 731）在19岁和21岁之间过渡到成年的青年。当代阵列，有关邻里风险和种族/种族差异的潜在数据，我们提议检查儿童，遗传，家庭，同伴和关于ADUD和相关结果的邻里因素；家庭检查的持久影响 Adud和相关问题和亲社会行为；以及家庭检查的调节作用 - UP的有效性。