Critical Period Plasticity and Binocular Matching in the Visual Cortex

视觉皮层的关键期可塑性和双眼匹配

• 批准号: 9885133
• 负责人: Jianhua Cang
• 金额: $ 40.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-30 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9885133
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Amblyopia; Binocular Vision; Biological Models; Birth; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Cortical Blindness; Darkness; Data; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Electrophysiology (science); Exposure to; Eye; Goals; Grant; Human; Image; Individual; Interneurons; Knowledge; Label; Lateral Geniculate Body; Life; Link; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motor; Mus; Nervous System Physiology; Nervous system structure; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Ocular Dominance; Outcome; Parvalbumins; Pathway interactions; Physiological; Play; Process; Property; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sensory; Series; Shapes; Silicon; Site; Somatostatin; Strabismus; Synapses; Thalamic structure; Time; Transfection; Transgenic Mice; V1 neuron; Viral; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; Whole-Cell Recordings; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; critical developmental period; critical period; density; developmental plasticity; experience; experimental study; in vivo; inhibitory neuron; monocular; monocular deprivation; mouse model; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neurodevelopment; novel; orientation selectivity; receptive field; response; social; two-photon; visual deprivation; visual processing

Project Summary/Abstract Optimal functioning of the nervous system requires selective wiring of neural circuits, the precision of which is achieved through experience-dependent refinement after birth. A classic model system of experience- dependent neural development is ocular dominance plasticity in the visual system, where monocular visual deprivation in a critical period of early life alters cortical responses. The investigators have recently discovered that normal binocular vision in the critical period drives the matching of orientation preference between the two eyes in the visual cortex, thus revealing a physiological purpose for critical period plasticity in normal development. The proposed experiments aim to study cortical and thalamic mechanisms that underlie the binocular matching process. In aim one, two-photon calcium imaging will be performed chronically to reveal how individual cortical cells change their monocular orientation tunings to match between the two eyes. In addition, two-photon imaging and electrophysiological recording will be used to characterize the binocular response properties of subtypes of inhibitory neurons before, during, and after the critical period. In aim two, electrophysiological recordings will be conducted to determine whether there are more binocular neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of young mice than in adults, and whether these binocular dLGN neurons show significant matching in their orientation preference before V1. Additional experiments will be performed to determine whether the early matching in the dLGN is experience-dependent by recording from mice reared in complete darkness from birth. Finally, by combining cortical silencing and in vivo whole cell recording, the investigators will examine whether the binocular responses of dLGN input determine the binocular tuning of individual V1 neurons. Together, these experiments will reveal a novel link between the developmental plasticity at two successive stages of visual processing, and determine the role of visual thalamus in guiding binocular development in V1. Because ocular dominance plasticity and its critical period is a model for amblyopia and strabismus, a full understanding of cortical and subcortical changes that normally take place during development will have profound implications for the understanding and treatment of these diseases.

项目摘要/摘要 神经系统的最佳功能需要选择性的神经回路接线 这是通过出生后的依赖经验的精炼来实现的。经验的经典模型系统 - 依赖性神经发育是视觉系统中的眼部优势可塑性，其中单眼视觉 在早期生命的关键时期剥夺会改变皮质反应。调查人员最近发现 在关键时期，正常的双眼视力推动了两者之间的方向偏好的匹配 视觉皮层中的眼睛，因此揭示了正常关键时期可塑性的生理目的 发展。提出的实验旨在研究基于的皮质和丘脑机制 双眼匹配过程。在AIM上，将长期进行两光子钙成像，以揭示如何 单个皮质细胞将其单眼取向调节变为两只眼睛之间。此外， 两光子成像和电生理记录将用于表征双眼反应 关键时期之前，期间和之后的抑制神经元亚型的特性。在两个目标中， 将进行电生理记录，以确定在 年轻小鼠的背侧侧向核（DLGN）比成年人以及这些双眼DLGN是否 在V1之前，神经元在其方向偏好中表现出显着匹配。其他实验将是 执行以确定DLGN中的早期匹配是否取决于经验依赖 小鼠从出生开始就完全黑暗饲养。最后，通过结合皮质沉默和体内整个细胞 记录，研究人员将检查DLGN输入的双眼反应是否决定了双眼 调整单个V1神经元。这些实验将共同揭示发展之间的新联系 在视觉处理的两个连续两个阶段的可塑性，并确定视觉丘脑在引导中的作用 V1中的双眼发育。因为眼优势可塑性及其关键时期是弱视的模型 和斜视，对通常发生的皮质和皮质下变化的全面理解 发展将对对这些疾病的理解和治疗产生深远的影响。